Performance of the Vitek 2 Advanced Expert System (AES) as a Rapid Tool for Reporting Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) in
            <i>Enterobacterales</i>
            from North and Latin America

Carvalhaes, Cecília G; Shortridge, Dee; Woosley, Leah N.; Gurung, Nabina; Castanheira, Mariana

doi:10.1128/spectrum.04673-22

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…While complete all microbiological identification still relies on conventional biochemical tests and a combination of methods such as Gram stain observation of morphological colonial characters (identifying hemolytic or non-hemolytic colonies on blood agar), lactose or non-lactose colonies on MacConkey’s agar, oxidase test, catalase test, plasma coagulase test and standard biochemical tests application. Carbapenem resistance was defined when the isolate showed non-susceptibility to any tested carbapenems according to Clinical Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints ( Carvalhaes et al, 2023 ). All testing was conducted in strict accordance with international clinical operating procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution and antibiotic-resistant characteristics and risk factors of pathogens associated with clinical biliary tract infection in humans

Chen,

Lai,

Song

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionBiliary Infection in patients is a common and important phenomenon resulting in severe complications and high morbidity, while the distributions and drug resistance profiles of biliary bacteria and related risk factors are dynamic. This study explored the characteristics of and risk factors for biliary infection to promote the rational use of antibiotics in clinically.MethodsBacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing were completed using the Vitek 2 Compact analysis system. The distribution and antibiotic-resistant characteristics of 3,490 strains of biliary bacteria in patients at Nankai Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed using Whonet 5.6 and SPSS 26.0 software. We then retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and risk factors associated with 2,340 strains of Gram-negative bacilli, which were divided into multidrug-resistant bacteria (1,508 cases) and non-multidrug-resistant bacteria (832 cases) by a multivariate Cox regression model.Results and discussionA total of 3,490 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from bile samples, including 2,340 (67.05%) Gram-negative strains, 1,029 (29.48%) Gram-positive strains, and 109 (4.56%) fungal strains. The top five pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rate of Escherichia coli resistance to ciprofloxacin increased (p < 0.05), while the resistance to amikacin decreased (p < 0.05). The resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cephalosporins, carbapenems, β-lactamase inhibitors, cephalases, aminoglycosides, and quinolones increased (p < 0.05), and the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticacillin/clavulanic acid, and amicacin declined significantly (p < 0.05). The resistance of Enterococcus faecium to tetracycline increased by year (p < 0.05), and the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to erythromycin and high-concentration gentamicin declined (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the administration of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins was an independent risk factor for biliary infection. In summary, Gram-negative bacilli were the most common pathogenic bacteria isolated from biliary infection patients, especially Escherichia coli, and the rates and patterns of drug resistance were high and in constant flux; therefore, rational antimicrobial drug use should be carried out considering risk factors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%