Performance of Tropical Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands at Different Hydraulic Loading Rates

Weerakoon, G.M.P.R.; Jinadasa, K.B.S.N.; Herath, Gemunu; Mowjood, M. I. M.; Zhang, Dongqing; Tan, Soon Keat; Jern, Ng Wun

doi:10.1002/clen.201500101

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These results indicate that a 20 cm/day HLR would be the appropriate upper limit for the applied HLR for pollutant removal, with the HSSF configuration being more suitable for BOD 5 , TSS, FC, and NO 3 − -N removal. These results were consistent with laboratory-scale studies reported earlier by Weerakoon et al [7] and Weerakoon et al [21]. Table 3 presents the range of applied mass loading rates (MLRs) and mass removal rates (MRRs) obtained for the VSSF and HSSF wetland units for polishing stream water, and Table 4 …”

Section: Pollutant Removalsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Applicability of Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement in a Tea Estate Catchment: The Pussellawa Case Study

Weerakoon

Jinadasa

Herath

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:Water in agricultural catchments is prone to pollution from agricultural runoff containing nutrients and pesticides, and contamination from the human population working and residing therein. This study examined the quality of water in a drainage stream which runs through a congested network of 'line houses' (low-income housing, typically found arranged in straight 'lines' on estates) in the tea estate catchment area of Pussellawa in central Sri Lanka. The study evaluated the applicability of vertical subsurface flow (VSSF) and horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands for water polishing, as the residents use the stream water for various domestic purposes with no treatment other than possibly boiling. Water flow in the stream can vary significantly over time, and so investigations were conducted at various flow conditions to identify the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) bandwidth for wetland polishing applications. Two wetland models of 8 m × 1 m × 0.6 m (length × width × depth) were constructed and arranged as VSSF and HSSF units. Stream water was diverted to these units at HLRs of 3.3, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm/day. Results showed that both VSSF and HSSF wetland units were capable of substantially reducing five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), total suspended solids (TSS), fecal coliform (FC), total coliform (TC), ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − -N) up to 20 cm/day HLR, with removal efficiencies of more than 64%, 60%, 90%, 93%, 70%, and 59% for BOD 5 , TSS, FC, TC, NH 4 + -N, and NO 3 − -N, respectively, in the VSSF wetland unit; and more than 66%, 62%, 91%, 90%, 53%, and 77% for BOD 5 , TSS, FC, TC, NH 4 + -N, and NO 3 − -N, respectively, in the HSSF wetland unit.

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Section: Pollutant Removalsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This is because CWs require longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) or lower HLR [21] for substantial reduction of pollutants. Metcalf and Eddy [22] reported that pollutant removal in CWs is more efficient at 4-15 days HRT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement in a Tea Estate Catchment: The Pussellawa Case Study

Weerakoon

Jinadasa

Herath

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate the elimination of CF by increasing THR to favor more removals [65]. The release of antibiotics (such as phytometallophores and phytochelatins) by the roots of plants [83], plant cover, settlement of microorganisms, exposure to abiotic stress conditions such as pH, temperature, and oxygen concentration can play important roles in the reduction of coliforms [84,85]. In addition, many of these factors are interrelated [86][87][88].…”

Section: Fecal Coliformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The high costs involved in treating wastewater are problems that developing countries confront, mainly in rural areas. Therefore, Constructed Wetlands (CWs), which are composed of substrate, vegetation, and microorganisms, are an economically and ecologically viable option for wastewater treatment in these places. There is a wide variety of possibilities for substrates and ornamental plants that have not yet been evaluated to be implemented in future CW designs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the process of adaptation and removal of wastewater pollutants in CW microcosms using different terrestrial ornamental plants (Lavandula sp., Spathiphyllum wallisii, and Zantedeschia aethiopica). Those plants were sown in two types of substrate: red volcanic gravel (RVG) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). CWs with vegetation reduced 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) by 68% with RVG substrate and 63% with PET substrate, nitrates 50% in RVG substrate and 35% in PET substrate, phosphates 38% in RVG substrate and 35% in PET substrate, and fecal coliforms 64% in RVG and 59% in PET substrate). In control microcosms without vegetation, reductions were significantly lower than those in the presence of plants, with reduction of BOD 5 by 61% in RVG substrate and 55% in PET substrate, nitrates 26% in RVG substrate and 22% in PET substrate, phosphates 27% in RVG substrate and 25% in PET substrate. Concerning fecal coliforms 62% were removed in RVG substrate and 59% in PET substrate. Regarding the production of flowers, Lavandula sp. did not manage to adapt and died 45 days after sowing and did not produce flowers. Spathiphyllum wallisii produced 12 flowers in RVG and nine flowers in PET, while Zantedeschia aethiopica produced 10 in RVG and 7 in PET. These results showed that the use of substrates made of RVG and PET is a viable alternative to be implemented in CWs. In addition, the reuse of PET is an option that decreases pollution by garbage. The plants Spathiphyllum wallisii and Zantedeschia aethiopica remarkably contribute in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. Additionally, the use of ornamental plants, with commercial interest such as those evaluated, enables an added value to the CW to be given, which can be used for flower production purposes on a larger scale and favor its acceptance within rural communities.

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“…However, very limited or no denitrification occurs in Vertical Flow systems. Therefore, the optimum combination of various types of constructed wetlands always depends on the target pollutants (Vymazal, 2009;Weerakoon et al, 2016). …”

Section: Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Management Techniques: A Review of Advancement on the Appropriate Wastewater Treatment Principles for Sustainability

Donde

2017

EMSD

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Water is an essential resource that is required to sustain life. Its availability has to be adequate, safe and easily accessible. Current trends in climate change and rise in human population has compromised water adequacy, availability and safety. Wastewater managers around the world have the responsibility to ensure that the effluent that is eventually released into the environment does not degrade the quality of the recipient water bodies. Attaining sustainability in wastewater management is top in the of Sustainable Development Goals' Agenda. All in all, the realization of a more sustainable wastewater management will require a highly holistic and balanced approach in evaluating a particular management strategy's overall sustainability. Promoting the use of safe, affordable and adequately available wastewater treatment techniques is a step towards wastewater management for sustainability. This review paper therefore discusses some of the currently known and emerging wastewater management techniques that are considered essential in attaining Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2017 http://emsd.macrothink.org 41 sustainability in water resource management.

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Performance of Tropical Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands at Different Hydraulic Loading Rates

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Applicability of Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement in a Tea Estate Catchment: The Pussellawa Case Study

Applicability of Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement in a Tea Estate Catchment: The Pussellawa Case Study

Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands

Wastewater Management Techniques: A Review of Advancement on the Appropriate Wastewater Treatment Principles for Sustainability

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