Performance of two immunochromatographic tests for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with HIV

Silva, Mauro Roberto Biá da; Brandao, N; Colovati, Marco; Sousa, Margella Marconcine Pinheiro de; Lima, Larissa Coelho de; Dorta, Miriam Leandro; Ribeiro‐Dias, Fátima; Costa, Dorcas Lamounier; Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de

doi:10.1007/s00436-017-5716-3

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Concerning the different tests applied, aids status in VL patients, and the locality studied, very low sensitivity (25%) was observed in coinfected patients from Natal using Kalazar Detect (POC and IMT) and IT-Leish. These results corroborate those of other authors [32,39] that found low sensitivity in coinfected patients. When considering the localities altogether except for IFA and DAT, all tests had lower sensitivity in coinfected patients.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, in VL/aids coinfected patients, low sensitivity was achieved. These results corroborate other studies [10,[31][32][33], in which sensitivity ranged from 83-95%, in VL patients, and from 61-67% in HIV/aids coinfected patients and the specificity ranged from 90-100%.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Saliva was positive in 84% of cases, and serum and urine in 100% [35]. da Silva and collaborators concluded that saliva is not an appropriate material for diagnosing VL using rK39-RDT, as they obtained 58.6% sensitivity in VL cases [36]. On the other hand, in Tunisian VL patients, a sensitivity of 100% was achieved with oral fluid in biotin-streptavidin ELISA using rK39 [37] The reason for this difference may be attributable to the assay format, parasite diversity and /or level of antibody response that may be related to the severity of the disease since the Tunisian patients included in that study were children admitted at the hospital.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of rK39-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using whole blood, serum and oral fluid

et al. 2020

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Background The development of rK39-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests represents an important advance for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis, being cheap and easy to use at the point of care (POC). Although the use of rK39 have considerably improved the sensitivity and specificity of serological tests compared with total antigens, great variability in sensitivity and specificity was reported. This study aimed at the evaluation of "Kalazar Detect™ Rapid Test, Whole Blood" (Kalazar Detect RDT) for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis using oral fluid, whole blood and serum specimens collected at different endemic areas of VL of Brazil. Methodology To evaluate Kalazar Detect RDT, oral fluid, whole blood and serum specimens from 128 VL patients, 85 healthy individuals, 22 patients with possible cross-reactivity diseases and 20 VL/aids coinfected patients were collected and assayed at the POC.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of rK39-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using whole blood, serum and oral fluid

et al. 2020

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“…For example, PCR have been found 88%-96.8% sensitive when conducted with DNA extracted from urine samples [ 14 – 16 ]. Saliva as diagnostic sample has been reported with 58.6%-82.5% and 83.3% sensitivity in rK39-RDTs and ELISA, respectively [ 17 , 18 ]. rK39-RDTs for sero-diagnostics were also tested with urine samples in several studies and found sensitivities and specificities of 96.40% and 66.2–100%, respectively [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Development and Evaluation of Two Urine-Based Immunoassays for Detection of Leishmania donovani Infection in India

et al. 2016

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BackgroundVisceral Leishmaniasis (VL), a severe parasitic disease, could be fatal if diagnosis and treatment is delayed. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), a skin related outcome, is a potential reservoir for the spread of VL. Diagnostic tests available for VL such as tissue aspiration are invasive and painful although they are capable of evaluating the treatment response. Serological tests although less invasive than tissue aspiration are incompetent to assess cure. Parasitological examination of slit-skin smear along with the clinical symptoms is routinely used for diagnosis of PKDL. Therefore, a noninvasive test with acceptable sensitivity and competency, additionally, to decide cure would be an asset in disease management and control.Methodology/principal findingsWe describe here, the development of antibody-capture ELISA and field adaptable dipstick test as noninvasive diagnostic tools for VL and PKDL and as a test of cure in VL treatment. Sensitivity and specificity of urine-ELISA were 97.94% (95/97) and 100% (75/75) respectively, for VL. Importantly, dipstick test demonstrated 100% sensitivity (97/97) and specificity (75/75) in VL diagnosis. Degree of agreement of the two methods with tissue aspiration was 98.83% (κ = 0.97) and 100% (κ = 1), for ELISA and dipstick test, respectively. Both the tests had 100% positivity for PKDL (14/14) cases. ELISA and dipstick test illustrated treatment efficacy in about 90% (16/18) VL cases when eventually turned negative after six months of treatment.Conclusions/significanceELISA and dipstick test found immensely effective for diagnosis of VL and PKDL through urine samples thus, may substitute the existing invasive diagnostics. Utility of these tests as indirect methods of monitoring parasite clearance can define infected versus cured. Urine-based dipstick test is simple, sensitive and above all noninvasive method that may help not only in active VL case detection but also to ascertain treatment response. It can therefore, be deployed widely for interventions in disease management of VL particularly in poor resource outskirts.

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“…However, it has not been used in studies including people from Latin America, and there are few studies discriminating its performance in PLWH. Silva et al [47], using two immunochromatographic tests to detect the antibodies anti-rK39 and anti-rK28, found sensitivities of 67.74 and 61.29%, respectively, in a group with active visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection, showing poor performance when compared with active visceral leishmaniasis without HIV infection. In our study, in a group of asymptomatic individuals, rK28 ELISA positivity was greater than rK39 ELISA positivity, which can suggest a good perspective of its use in HIVinfected Latin American asymptomatic patients, perhaps as an early marker of Leishmania infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Cunha

CELESTE

KESPER

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: There is little information about the frequency of Leishmania infection in asymptomatic people living with HIV (PLWH) and about the performance of laboratory diagnostic methods in coinfected patients in Latin America. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of Leishmania spp. infection in HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil. Methods: To detect Leishmania infection, diagnostic tests were performed to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies (ELISA using Leptomonas seymouri antigens; ELISA using rK39 antigens; ELISA using rK28 antigens; indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT); direct agglutination test (DAT)) and Leishmania DNA (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the target genes kDNA and ITS-1). Results: The frequency of at least one positive test was 15%. For ELISA using Leptomonas antigens and IFAT, there was an association between CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and test positivity, with a higher positivity of these tests in more immunosuppressed patients (CD4+ T cell count < 200/mm3). Conclusions: According to our data, there was a high prevalence of Leishmania spp. infections in this population living with HIV. Although there is the possibility of cross-reaction, some tests that are considered highly specific for the diagnosis of Leishmania infection were positive. There was also an association between the positivity of some tests studied and lower values of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

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Performance of two immunochromatographic tests for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with HIV

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Performance of rK39-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using whole blood, serum and oral fluid

Performance of rK39-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using whole blood, serum and oral fluid

Noninvasive Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Development and Evaluation of Two Urine-Based Immunoassays for Detection of Leishmania donovani Infection in India

Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

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