Performance of Vegetable Oils as a Cooling Medium in Comparison to a Standard Mineral Oil

Totten, George E.; Tensi, H. M.; Lainer, K.

doi:10.1361/105994999770346693

Cited by 53 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The second stage is known as the nucleate boiling stage, where the vapor film collapses and high heat extraction rates are achieved. The third stage, known as the convective cooling stage, begins when the temperature of the metal surface is reduced below the boiling point of the quenching liquid; the cooling rate is low during this stage (Totten, Tensi, & Lainer, 1999;Fernandes & Prabhu, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Quench Severity and Hardness on AISI 4137 using Eco-Friendly Quenchants as Industrial Heat Treatment

Adekunle¹,

Adebiyi²,

Durowoju³

2013

J MECH ENG SCI

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The rate of heat extraction, hardness, and severity of quenching of both edible and nonedible bioquenchants for industrial heat treatment was investigated using AISI 4137 medium carbon steel. Results showed that both the maximum and minimum cooling rates occurred in the nucleate boiling stage and were strongly dependent on the viscosity and saponification number. The peak cooling rates of Jatropha oil, groundnut oil, melon oil, sheabutter oil, palmkernel oil, and palm oil were greater than that of mineral oil. The quench severities of Jatropha, sheabutter, and groundnut oil are higher with an H-factor of 5.93, 6.00, and 6.14, respectively. High heat transfer coefficient of 1583, 1180, and 1024 W/m 2 K were obtained for Jatropha oil, groundnut oil, and melon oil; whereas sheabutter oil, palmkernel oil, palm oil, and mineral oil have heat transfer coefficient of 1001, 971, 828, and 589 W/m 2 K, respectively. For all the quenchants, the hardness of steel is increased with an increase in the austenite heating temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Quench Severity and Hardness on AISI 4137 using Eco-Friendly Quenchants as Industrial Heat Treatment

Adekunle¹,

Adebiyi²,

Durowoju³

2013

J MECH ENG SCI

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“…The cooling rate for vegetable oils is faster than that of comparable quenchants, making them suitable for austempering heat treatment. The cooling time-temperature and cooling-rate curves obtained show that the cooling properties of series of vegetable oils appear to be comparable to each other, [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Investigation of jatropha seed oil as austempering quenchant for ductile cast iron

Terngu

Terfa

2014

IJET

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Austempering is a multi-step process that includes austenitizing, followed by cooling rapidly enough to avoid the formation of pearlite to a temperature above the martensite start (Ms) and then holding until the desired microstructure is formed. It is an isothermal heat treatment process that, when applied to cast iron, produces components that, in many cases, have properties superior to those process by conventional heat treatment. Salt bath has been recognized as the conventional quenching medium for austempering. This study investigates the suitability of jatropha seed oil as quenching medium for asaustempering ductile cast iron. Test samples were austenitized at 9500C; socked for 1hr; austempered for varying periods of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5hrs. The result showed significant increase in tensile strength and impact energy apart from achieving an appreciable increase in hardness. It also tally with recommended values of ductile cast iron austempered in salt bath, implying that jatropha oil can be used as hot bath for the austempering of ductile cast iron.

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“…In most quenching operations, it has been stated that rapid quenching is required to develop the best properties however; lower quench rates are normally used to minimize residual stresses being induced during quenching [3,17]. Hassan S.B [9] reviewed methods of evaluating the effects of quench rate on mechanical properties, and concluded that the simplest and most effective method was to use media that will result to enhanced microstructural properties with minimal distortions of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of a series of mineral oil based quenchants has been investigated by Totten et al [3] and the results revealed that the maximum cooling rate increases with decrease in quenchant viscosity. The use of vegetable and mineral oils have been studied extensively by different researchers and their observations indicate that as the viscosity of these oils decreases, the heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase in hardening power and maximum cooling rate [4,5,8,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant

Joseph¹

2015

IJMSA

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Abstract:Hardening and characterization of 0.45%C steels using clay/water media as quenchants were investigated.Different weight percent of clay was added to water to form clay/water quenching media and water was equally use as the control. The steel specimens were heated to the austenizing temperature and quenched in these liquid media. The specific latent heat of vapourization of the liquid media, hardness value, impact energy, yield strength and tensile strength of the specimen were analyzed. The morphologies of the as-quenched steels were observed by using SEM. The results revealed that addition of 2-4wt% clay to water gives the best mechanical properties. This may probably be due to a uniform release of thermal energy in form of latent heat of vapourization across the dimension of the specimen and prevention of the oxide film formation on the surface of the workpiece. However, further addition of clay greater than 4% result to decrease in the mechanical properties of the specimen tested. The specific latent heat of vapourization decreases as the weight fraction of clay in water increases. Results from the microstructural examination indicate predominantly formation of martensite and retained austenite phases.

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Performance of Vegetable Oils as a Cooling Medium in Comparison to a Standard Mineral Oil

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

Impact of Quench Severity and Hardness on AISI 4137 using Eco-Friendly Quenchants as Industrial Heat Treatment

Impact of Quench Severity and Hardness on AISI 4137 using Eco-Friendly Quenchants as Industrial Heat Treatment

Investigation of jatropha seed oil as austempering quenchant for ductile cast iron

Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant

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