Performance of ventilation in Estonian apartment buildings

Mikola, Alo; Kalamees, Targo; Kõiv, Teet Andrus

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.681

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, 2 million m 2 of prefabricated concrete large panel apartment buildings was built during that period in Estonia and 4.7 million m 2 in Vilnius, Lithuania [37]. This building type needs deep energy renovation because of serious thermal bridges [38], high thermal transmittance of the external walls (U wall = 0.8-1.5 W/(m 2 •K)), insufficient performance of ventilation [39], high indoor humidity loads [40], and corrosion damages of concrete facades [41].…”

Section: Reference Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Performance Assessment of Prefabricated Insulation Elements for Deep Energy Renovation of Apartment Buildings

2020

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A need for the refurbishment and renewal of the existing building stock has been in focus for many decades, principally because of excessive global energy consumption and pollution. This paper presents a methodology and the results of analysis of choices of realizable sets of timber frame prefabricated insulation elements for major renovation of apartment buildings. Numerous combinations of elements with different characteristics were analyzed by applying measurements, interviews, and building performance simulation software, and thereupon their performance, installation eligibility, and concurrent cost levels were compared. Mineral wool board with a special wind barrier facing was found to be the best material as a wind barrier from the perspective of hygrothermal performance. An air and vapor barrier should have sufficient vapor permeability to allow dry-out of constructional moisture. It is possible to renovate apartment buildings to meet the nZEB energy performance requirements and their moisture safety can be guaranteed without paying high relative difference cost. Calculations showed that the global cost was lower for solutions with some mold growth risk. Great care is needed when decreasing costs without simultaneous hygrothermal analyses. The facade cladding was found to have the highest influence on the initial cost of the prefabricated insulation element.

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Section: Reference Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Performance Assessment of Prefabricated Insulation Elements for Deep Energy Renovation of Apartment Buildings

2020

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“…In Estonia, the majority of apartment buildings that have been constructed between WWII and 1990 have the same typical problems: high energy-consumption levels, insufficient ventilation (natural ventilation without any outdoor air inlets), uneven indoor temperatures, and insufficient thermal comfort levels [18][19][20]. From the year 2010, more than 1000 apartment buildings have undergone renovation, the majority of them supported by Fund KredEx.…”

Section: Studied Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Energy Renovation on the Change of Indoor Temperature and Energy Use

Hamburg

Kalamees

2018

Energies

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The aim of the renovation of apartment buildings is to lower the energy consumption of those buildings, mainly the heating energy consumption. There are few analyses regarding those other energy consumptions which are also related to the primary energy need for calculating the energy efficiency class, including the primary energy need of calculated heating, domestic hot water (DHW), and household electricity. Indoor temperature is directly connected with heating energy consumption, but it is not known yet how much it will change after renovation. One of the research issues relates to the change of electricity and DHW usage after renovation and to the question of whether this change is related to the users’ behavior or to changes to technical solutions. Thirty-five renovated apartment buildings have been analyzed in this study, where the data of indoor temperature, airflow, and energy consumption for DHW with and without circulation and electricity use in apartments and common rooms has been measured. During research, it turned out that the usage of DHW without circulation and the usage of household electricity do not change after renovation. Yet there is a major increase in indoor temperature and DHW energy use in buildings that did not have circulation before the renovation. In addition, a small increase in the use of electricity in common areas was discovered. This study will offer changes in calculations for the energy efficiency number.

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“…Concrete and brick buildings of Estonia have an average ach of 0.24 [39]. A total of 87% of students get disturbed by noise, 63% by smells, and 42% by sunlight on sunny days; 35% are not happy with the indoor temperature of classrooms, and 34% experience temperature changes in Dutch school buildings [40].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and Air Flow Behavior of Naturally Ventilated Offices in a Mediterranean Climate

Alibaba¹

2018

Sustainability

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Air changes per hour (ach) rates for windows of different sizes and opened in different ratios were studied to establish natural ventilation concepts in offices with a Mediterranean climate. Dynamic thermal simulations were carried out in EDSL Tas for whole year investigations of an office. The office lost 0.01 W of heat during the winter but gained 0.01 W of heat during the summer. Annual average heat gain was 2.4 W. The heat gain via an external opaque wall was 138.9 W during the winter and 227.3 W during the summer, with an annual average of 190.7 W. The heat gain via an external glass surface was 128.9 W during the winter and 191 W during the summer, with an annual average of 161.5 W. The office had an average of 170.0 ach during the winter and an average of 144.7 ach during the summer, with an annual average of 157.4. The maximum annual ach performance was 480.4 ach when the external wall was fully glazed and the window was fully open, and the minimum annual ach performance was 9.8 when only 10% of the external wall was glass and 20% of the window area was open.

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Performance of ventilation in Estonian apartment buildings

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Development and Performance Assessment of Prefabricated Insulation Elements for Deep Energy Renovation of Apartment Buildings

Development and Performance Assessment of Prefabricated Insulation Elements for Deep Energy Renovation of Apartment Buildings

The Influence of Energy Renovation on the Change of Indoor Temperature and Energy Use

Heat and Air Flow Behavior of Naturally Ventilated Offices in a Mediterranean Climate

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