Performance on an odor detection and identification test as a predictor of ortho- and retronasal odor intensity ratings in the young and elderly

Differences in perception of sweet and savoury waffles between elderly and young subjects

“…The mean olfactory scores of the elderly for the ETOC odour detection and identification tests in the present study are in line with recent publications (Koskinen et al, 2003;Koskinen & Tuorila, 2005;Thomas-Danguin et al, 2003).…”

“…Other factors, such as oral health and dentition, were thought to impede release and retronasal transport of odours from the mouth to the olfactory receptors. Furthermore, Koskinen and Tuorila (2005) reported that performance in the ETOC was not related to retronasal flavour intensity ratings of complex foods in the elderly. Thus it seems too early to conclude, whether or not the measurement of orthonasal odour perception can predict retronasal flavour perception of the elderly.…”

Identification of odors of edible and nonedible stimuli as affected by age and gender

“…Similarly, Finkel et al (2001) also showed that older adult participants correctly identified less than 40% of the 6 odors of the smell survey. More recently, Koskinen and Tuorila (2005) found that the elderly successfully identified only 66.2% of 16 artificial odors. Similar levels of performance were reported in another recent study conducted by Westervelt et al (2005), in which olfaction was assessed in a neuropsychological examination with older participants.…”

No effect on intake and liking of soup enhanced with mono-sodium glutamate and celery powder among elderly people with olfactory and/or gustatory loss

“…The results of these studies may concur with the theory that the alterations in taste and smell performance are associated with an increased liking of flavor-enhanced foods versus non-enhanced foods. However, it has been difficult to relate higher optimal flavor concentration to lower performances in sensory tests (Koskinen et al 2003b;Forde and Delahunty 2004;Kremer et al 2005;Koskinen and Tuorila 2005). Besides, not all studies find positive effects of flavor enhancement on intake and liking in elderly people (Mojet et al 2004;Koskinen et al 2003b).…”