Performance simulation studies of the clear-PEM DAQ/trigger system

Rodrigues, Pedro; Bento, Pedro; Gongalves, F.; Leong, C.; Lousa, P.; Nobre, J.; Silva, J.C.; Silva, L.; Rego, J.; Relvas, Paulo; Teixeira, I.C.; Teixeira, J.P.; Trindade, A.; Varela, J.

doi:10.1109/rtc.2005.1547398

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Taking as reference the top APD's spectrum, a K rel constant is multiplied by the amplitude of the bottom APD signal. Once the gain of the APDs is equalized, the top-bottom summed spectrum can be calibrated in energy by finding the position of the 511 keV peak emitted by either a 68 Ge or a 22 Na source and computing the absolute gain constant K abs . The energy of each event, in keV, is then estimated by:…”

Section: Energy Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To discriminate between two photon events of the same decay from uncorrelated single photons from distinct decays, a PET system needs to be able to extract the time information from each interaction with a resolution of about a few nanoseconds [21,22]. In Clear-PEM, after the APD signals arrive in the corresponding ASIC, the amplification, shaping, channel selection and analog multiplexing are performed (figure 3(a) shows the routing between a ASIC and its corresponding APDs).…”

Section: Time Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental characterization of the Clear-PEM scanner spectrometric performance

Bugalho¹,

Carriço²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2009

J. Inst.

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In the framework of the Clear-PEM project for the construction of a high-resolution and high-specificity scanner for breast cancer imaging, a Positron Emission Mammography tomograph has been developed and installed at the Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto hospital. The Clear-PEM scanner is mainly composed by two planar detector heads attached to a robotic arm, trigger/data acquisition electronics system and computing servers. The detector heads hold crystal matrices built from 2 × 2 × 20 mm3 LYSO:Ce crystals readout by Hamamatsu S8550 APD arrays. The APDs are optically coupled to both ends of the 6144 crystals in order to extract the DOI information for each detected event. Each one of 12288 APD's pixels is read and controlled by Application Specific Integrated Circuits water-cooled by an external cooling unit. The Clear-PEM frontend boards innovative design results in a unprecedented integration of the crystal matrices, APDs and ASICs, making Clear-PEM the PET scanner with the highest number of APD pixels ever integrated so far. In this paper, the scanner's main technical characteristics, calibration strategies and the first spectrometric performance evaluation in a clinical environment are presented. The first commissioning results show 99.7% active channels, which, after calibration, have inter-pixel and absolute gain distributions with dispersions of, respectively, 12.2% and 15.3%, demonstrating that despite the large number of channels, the system is uniform. The mean energy resolution at 511 keV is of 15.9%, with a 8.8% dispersion, and the mean CDOI−1 is 5.9%/mm, with a 7.8% dispersion. The coincidence time resolution, at 511 keV, for a energy window between 400 and 600 keV, is 5.2 ns FWHM.

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Section: Energy Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of the Clear-PEM scanner spectrometric performance

Bugalho¹,

Carriço²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2009

J. Inst.

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“…Parallel algorithmic processing is used in order to minimize dead time while extracting the amplitude and time from the detector pulses. The algorithms are implemented in Xilinx Virtex-II FPGAs with 4 million gates [5,6].…”

Section: Daq Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At each TGR the relevant dataframes are transmitted to the acquisition PC where raw data is re-processed for energy and time extraction [6]. From the extracted energy values, the crystal DoI coordinate z is estimated by the energy signal asymmetry between the top and bottom APD channels.…”

Section: Daq Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clear-PEM: A PET imaging system dedicated to breast cancer diagnostics

Abreu

Aguiar

Albuquerque

et al. 2007

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The Clear-PEM scanner for positron emission mammography under development is described. The detector is based on pixelized LYSO crystals optically coupled to avalanche photodiodes and readout by a fast low-noise electronic system. A dedicated digital trigger (TGR) and data acquisition (DAQ) system is used for on-line selection of coincidence events with high efficiency, large bandwidth and small dead-time. A specialized gantry allows to perform exams of the breast and of the axilla. In this paper we present results of the measurement of detector modules that integrate the system under construction as well as the imaging performance estimated from Monte Carlo simulated data. r

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“…In this PC raw data is re-processed for energy and time extraction [7]. From the extracted energy values, the crystal DoI coordinate z is estimated by the energy signal asymmetry between the top and botton APD channels.…”

Section: Software Triggermentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Imaging Studies by Monte Carlo Simulation with Clear-PEM

Trindade

Almeida²,

Ferreira³

et al.

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005

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Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) is a functional imaging technique for breast cancer detection. The development of dedicated systems with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, are a valuable resource for early breast cancer diagnosis and onset of an efficient therapy. In this paper, we report on the performance indicators of the Clear-PEM imaging system. In particular, we evaluate, the detection sensitivity, system count rates and breast lesion detection by means of Monte Carlo simulation.

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Performance simulation studies of the clear-PEM DAQ/trigger system

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Experimental characterization of the Clear-PEM scanner spectrometric performance

Experimental characterization of the Clear-PEM scanner spectrometric performance

Clear-PEM: A PET imaging system dedicated to breast cancer diagnostics

Breast Cancer Imaging Studies by Monte Carlo Simulation with Clear-PEM

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