Performance studies of RPC detectors with new environmentally friendly gas mixtures in presence of LHC-like radiation background

Guida, R.; Mandelli, B.; Rigoletti, G.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.04.027

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, finding a suitable replacement for the RPC systems at the LHC experiments is particularly challenging because most of the infrastructure (i.e. high voltage systems, cables, front-end electronics) as well as the detector itself cannot be easily replaced [11][12][13].…”

Section: Pos(ichep2020)979mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for reducing the use of greenhouse gases from particle detectors operation at the CERN LHC experiments

Guida¹,

Corbetta²,

Mandelli³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of 40th International Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(ICHEP2020)

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A wide range of gas mixtures is used for the operation of different gaseous detectors for particle physics research. Among them are greenhouse gases like C 2 H 2 F 4 (R134a), CF 4 (R14), C 4 F 10 (R610) and SF 6 , which are used because they allow to achieve specific detector performance that are necessary for data taking at the LHC experiments (i.e. stability, long term performance, time resolution, rate capability, etc.). Such gases are currently subject to a phase down policy that started to affect the market with price increase and, in the long term, may cause a decrease in their availability. Four different strategies have been identified to optimize the gas usage. As immediate actions, during the LHC Long Shutdown 2 the gas systems will be upgraded to cope with new detector requirements and, in parallel, extensive campaigns for fixing leaks at detector level will be performed. The development of gas recuperation plants is going to be the next step. They aim in extracting greenhouse gases from the exhaust of gas recirculation systems allowing further re-use. Several plants of this type are already in use at the CERN LHC experiments. Recent developments are concerning systems for CF 4 and R134a recuperation. Recently two systems for CF 4 were developed allowing to reduce the consumption by about 50%. The R134a recuperation plant is still in a R&D phase; however, encouraging results have been obtained. For future long-term detector operation, R&D studies are ongoing for finding alternatives to the currently used gases. The last strategy consists in using industrially developed plants for the disposal of greenhouse gases by decomposition in harmless compounds. This solution avoids the emission in the atmosphere but it is not optimizing the gas usage. Moreover, problems like gas availability and price are not addressed and they might become the challenge in the years to come due to the greenhouse phase down policy.

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Section: Pos(ichep2020)979mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for reducing the use of greenhouse gases from particle detectors operation at the CERN LHC experiments

Guida¹,

Corbetta²,

Mandelli³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of 40th International Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(ICHEP2020)

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“…Therefore, we need to find a suitable new eco-friendly gas with a lower global warming potential (GWP). One of the most promising candidates to replace the TFE gas (GWP = 1429.9) in the detector is HFO1234ze (GWP = 6), as suggested by previous research [9][10][11]. However, the typical operational working-point high voltage (HV WP ) for the current 2-mm-thick electrodes exceeds 15 kV when the TFE is simply replaced by HFO1234ze.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of eco-friendly gas mixtures for SHiP RPCs

Kang

Lee

et al. 2021

J. Korean Phys. Soc.

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Over the past few decades, tetrafluoroethane (TFE, R134a Freon)-based gases have been widely used in the operation of phenolic resistive plate chambers (RPCs) in many high-energy experiments. However, TFE has a high global warming potential (GWP); therefore, a search for new eco-friendly gases to replace traditional TFE-based ones is now unavoidable. In this research, we present cosmic-ray test results of a prototype RPC for the SHiP (search for hidden particles) experiment using 1.6-and 1.4-mm-thick RPC electrodes containing mixtures of various gases, including 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234ze), CO 2 , iC 4 H 10 and SF 6 . We compare the performance data gathered with these new gas mixtures with those gathered with a traditional TFE-based gas used for RPCs in compact muon solenoid (CMS) and a toroidal LHC apparatus (ATLAS) experiments. The addition of CO 2 to the HFO1234ze-based gas was found to be fairly effective in reducing the working-point high voltage (HV WP ) for RPC operation. The results of our experiments lead us to the conclusion that adding 40% CO 2 or less, when combined with HFO1234ze-based gas, is conducive to reliable detector performance for SHiP single-gap phenolic RPCs. KeywordsSearch for hidden particles • Resistive plate chambers • Eco-friendly gas • Scattering neutrino detector * K. S. Lee

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“…The problem has already been addressed with extensive studies on various gases and their properties in order to find suitable substitutes for operating RPCs in various high energy physics experiments [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. According to these studies, one allotropic form of tetrafluoropropene, C 3 H 2 F 4 (commercially known as HFO1234ze) which is close to R134a in chemical structure, with very low GWP (∼ 6), can be regarded as a potential replacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these mixtures have shown presence of substantially large fraction of streamers [3,7] at higher efficiency which is well above the tolerable limit for safe and long-term operation. As a result, inclusion of small amount of SF 6 (∼ 1%) in the mixtures could not be ruled out for effective operation of the detectors which has led the effective GWP sometimes cross the limit of 150 [3,6,8,9]. Other than this, HFO1234ze has one more disadvantage regarding its use as RPC gas mixture considering the criticism about its degrading effect on the detector health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work, first we have compared the simulated result for the standard gas mixture with experimental data presented in [8,9]. Then we have used the same model to qualify a mixture of Ar, CO 2 and N 2 proposed as a non-inflammable, eco-friendly as well as cost-effective solution for operating RPCs of the INO-ICAL setup in avalanche mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Qualification of Eco-Friendly Gas Mixture for Avalanche Mode Operation of RPC

Datta

Jash

Majumdar

et al. 2018

Springer Proceedings in Physics

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Numerical qualification of an eco-friendly alternative gas mixture for avalanche mode operation of Resistive Plate Chambers is the soul of this work. To identify the gas mixture, a numerical model developed elsewhere by the authors has been first established by comparing the simulated figure of merits (efficiency and streamer probability) with the experimental data for the gas mixture used in INO-ICAL. Then it has been used to simulate the same properties of a gas mixture based on argon, carbon di-oxide and nitrogen, identified as potential replacement by studying its different properties. Efficacy of this eco-friendly gas mixture has been studied by comparing the simulated result with the standard gas mixture used in INO-ICAL as well as with experimental data of other eco-friendly hydrofluorocarbon (HFO1234ze) based potential replacements. To increase the efficacy of the proposed gas mixture, studies of the traditional way (addition of a little amount of SF 6 ) and an alternative approach (exploring the option of high-end electronics) were carried out.

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Performance studies of RPC detectors with new environmentally friendly gas mixtures in presence of LHC-like radiation background

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Strategies for reducing the use of greenhouse gases from particle detectors operation at the CERN LHC experiments

Strategies for reducing the use of greenhouse gases from particle detectors operation at the CERN LHC experiments

Study of eco-friendly gas mixtures for SHiP RPCs

Qualification of Eco-Friendly Gas Mixture for Avalanche Mode Operation of RPC

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