Performance Studies With Diazepam and Its Hydroxylated Metabolites

Nicholson, A. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00454.x

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Psychomotor tests have revealed no residual impairment the morning after taking up to 30 mg temazepam at night (e.g. Nicholson, 1979), and daytime studies have found that significant psychomotor effects persist for no longer than 4 h after a 40 mg dose (Pleuvry et al, 1980). Similar findings have come from daytime psychometric studies of drowsiness, coordination etc (Matejcek et al, 1983), EEG changes (Matejcek et al, 1983) and maximum velocity of saccadic eye movements (Bittencourt et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Human orthostatic reflexes after taking temazepam at night.

Patrick

Dikshit

Macdonald

et al. 1987

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Human orthostatic reflexes after taking temazepam at night.

Patrick

Dikshit

Macdonald

et al. 1987

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…Adaptive tracking An adaptive tracking test (Nicholson, 1979) was used to assess eye hand coordination and effects on attention as described earlier (Cohen et al, 1984b). The test lasted for 10 min and was performed in an air conditioned laboratory with standardised lighting.…”

Section: Performance Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptive tracking (Nicholson, 1979), saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements (Tedeschi et al, 1983;Norris, 1971;Bittencourt et al, 1981b), and body sway (Scott et al, 1982) have all been shown to be affected by sedative drugs. It is not known however if these tests are sensitive to drug induced ataxia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lamotrigine (BW430C), a potential anticonvulsant. Effects on the central nervous system in comparison with phenytoin and diazepam.

Cohen¹,

Ashby²,

Crowley³

et al. 1985

Brit J Clinical Pharma

135

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1 Twelve healthy male volunteers received phenytoin 0.5 and 1 g, lamotrigine (a new anticonvulsant) 120 and 240 mg, diazepam 10 mg and placebo orally in a double-blind, cross-over, randomized trial.2 Maximum drug concentrations at 4 h, measured in plasma were 11.5 + 2.2 ,ug ml-' for phenytoin and 2.7 + 0.4 ,ug ml-' for lamotrigine. These levels were in the therapeutic range for phenytoin and the putative therapeutic range for lamotrigine.3 Side effects after diazepam (mainly sedation) and phenytoin (mainly unsteadiness) differed markedly from lamotrigine which produced no important side effects. Subjective effects as measured by visual analogue scales were caused by phenytoin and diazepam but not by lamotrigine. 4 Diazepam impaired eye movements, adaptive tracking and body sway. Phenytoin impaired adaptive tracking, increased body sway and impaired smooth pursuit eye movement. Lamotrigine produced only a possible slight increase in body sway. 5 There were significant correlations between performance and saliva levels of phenytoin and diazepam. 6 It was concluded that the tests used were suitable for monitoring CNS effects of anticonvulsants and that lamotrigine possibly could have a more favourable CNS side effect profile than phenytoin.

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“…The adaptive tracking task is a more refined pursuit and tracking test, which has been shown by Borland & Nicholson (1974) to be sensitive to the effects of heptabarbitone 200, 300 and 400 mg, and Nicholson (1979) Other visuo-motor tasks e.g. the automated rotated designs test (Sambrooks, Macculloch, Birtles & Smallman, 1972: Sambrooks, Macculloch & Rooney, 1975 and the continuous performance reading task (Stern, Bremer & McClure, 1974) have been used too infrequently for any estimate of their sensitivity to drug induced changes in performance to be made.…”

Section: Gross Body Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%