Performance study of a ‘constant phase angle based’ impedance sensor to detect milk adulteration

Das, Santanu; Sivaramakrishna, Mulinti; Biswas, Karabi; Goswami, Bhaswati

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2011.02.041

Cited by 79 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A number of sophisticated techniques are also available for detection of milk adulteration with water and urea in the laboratory but are too costly for routine analysis. Using a constant phase angle based impedance sensor, Das et al (2011) were able to detect adulteration of milk with lower limits of 10 % water as well as 0.6 g L −1 urea. Similarly, adulteration of milk with a lower limit of 0.8 g L −1 of urea could be detected by infrared microspectroscopy followed by chemometric analysis (Santos et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of osmometry in quality analysis of milk

Musara

Pote

2013

J Food Sci Technol

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The aim of this study was to evaluate osmometry as a tool in quality analysis of milk. The osmolality of raw milk, sterilized milk, skimmed UHT (ultra-high temperaturetreated) milk, pasteurized milk, standardized UHT milk and fermented milk (Lactococcus lactis culture) was determined by freezing point osmometry. The relationship between osmolality and pH of fermented milk was further investigated during spontaneous fermentation of UHT milk at 37°C for 48 h. Average osmolality values (mean ± SD) were raw milk-290.2 ± 7.98, sterilized milk-290.2 ± 5.84, skimmed UHT milk-290.8±3.31, pasteurized milk-283.6±2.28, standardized UHT milk-281 ± 4.59 and fermented milk-466.0 ± 17.30 mOsmoles kg −1. For fresh milk samples, 88 % showed normal osmolality, 8 % were hypo-osmotic and 4 % hyper-osmotic. Fermentation studies revealed a high negative correlation between osmolality and pH, with a correlation coefficient of −97.49 %. Hypo-osmotic milk shows mixing of milk with water along the production chain. Hyper-osmotic milk indicates fermentation of milk at high ambient temperatures or with prolonged storage. It may also reveal adulteration of fresh milk with a soluble substance. Osmolality was highest for fermented milk owing to production of lactic acid during fermentation. This was confirmed by the high negative correlation between osmolality and pH of milk in fermentation studies. Hence the osmolality of fermented milks may be used as an index of the extent of fermentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of osmometry in quality analysis of milk

Musara

Pote

2013

J Food Sci Technol

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“…Studies on fast, low cost, and nondestructive detection methods for composition/adulterants is becoming essential for food safety and public health (Brandão et al, 2017). In view of this, the milk chain needs new and more efficient processes to ensure the quality and safety of milk (Das et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from portable and of low cost equipment developed for detection of milk adulterations

et al. 2017

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This work presents the results of a device, MilkTech, developed to detect milk tampering, based on electrical measurements. The device indicates possible frauds by water, sodium chloride, caustic soda, ethyl alcohol and sodium bicarbonate. The advantages in relation to traditional methods are portability, low cost and detection of mixed frauds. The experiments were conducted in dairy plants at Governador Valadares, in Brazil. The results were compared with cryoscopy and chloride tests. It is demonstrated there is high correlation between MilkTech and Cryoscopy. For instance, the detection limit of the equipment for water addition with the set of analyzed data was 0.78% with precision of 1.1%. Adulterations with sodium chloride, caustic soda, ethyl alcohol and sodium bicarbonate are detected qualitatively, even when added with water, and MilkTech indicates "SUSPECT" milk.

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“…Nowadays some researchers have been studying to design and realize the fractional elements [12][13][14][15][16]. Furthermore, some researchers have also concentrated on the study of fractional-order circuit theory [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fractional-Order 2xn RLC Networks by Transmission Matrices

Ün¹,

Ün²

2017

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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In this study, a new method is devised and presented for the dynamic analysis of a 2xn RLC circuit network modeled with the fractional-order circuit elements. The analysis method is based on the principles of dynamic analysis with transfer function approximation. Firstly, the fractional-order 2xn RLC circuit network of interest which is divided into n equal cells connected in cascaded form, then related transmission matrices are individually calculated for each cell correspondingly, Secondly. the transmission matrix of the whole circuit network is calculated based on the properties of the cascaded connection. By means of this transmission matrix and the two-part connection, diagram circuit functions, such as transfer function and the equivalent input impedance of the whole circuit network, are obtained depending on the number of cells (n) and the fractional-order values.Finally, essential dynamic system analysis, such as frequency, step and pulse responses, and the impedance characteristics of the network, are simulated using necessary MATLAB programs depending on cell number n and the fractional-order values.

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Performance study of a ‘constant phase angle based’ impedance sensor to detect milk adulteration

Cited by 79 publications

References 12 publications

Application of osmometry in quality analysis of milk

Application of osmometry in quality analysis of milk

Results from portable and of low cost equipment developed for detection of milk adulterations

Analysis of Fractional-Order 2xn RLC Networks by Transmission Matrices

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