Performance under tensile loading of point-by-point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars for structural components

Silvestru, Vlad Alexandru; Ariza, Inés; Vienne, Julie; Michel, Lucas; Sanchez, Asel Maria Aguilar; Angst, Ueli; Rust, Romana; Gramazio, Fabio; Köhler, Matthias; Taras, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109740

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Silvestru et al [6] analysed the mechanical behaviour of WAAM steel bars, produced in the same way as the bars investigated in the present paper and observed good mechanical properties and a ductile failure behaviour, which recommends such elements to be further considered for potential structural applications. Materials tested for point-by-point WAAM include steels of type ER70S-6 [6,10,[13][14][15]17] and ER70S-4, [18] and stainless steels such as ER 316L [20] and ER 308LSi. [9,10] Despite the intended use of the technology in construction applications and its durability requirement, the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel structures or samples produced by WAAM has not systematically been investigated, particularly not for atmospheric exposure conditions.…”

Section: State-of-the-artsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…For the production of the WAAM bars, a robotic welding setup equipped with a Fronius TPS 500i Pulse power source Note: The series naming was done considering the study of the mechanical properties under tensile loading performed in Silvestru et al [6] a The nozzle angle is the angle between the axis of the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) printing nozzle and the axis of the WAAM bar.…”

Section: Printing Of the Waam Barsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5,28] Table 2 presents the fundamental process parameters taken into account in the present study: wire feed speed (Wfs), current (I), voltage (U), gas pre-and postflow and motion speed of the robot manipulator. Additional process parameters for each series are described in detail in Silvestru et al [6] As shown in Figure 3, the specimens were printed in sets to use the required cooling time of each drop as a production time for the next drop. Specimens TS01, TS05 and TS13 (Figure 4a,b,e) correspond to the printing direction shown in Figure 3a, with a build angle, or angle between the vertical axis of gravity and the axis of the WAAM bar, of 0°.…”

Section: Printing Of the Waam Barsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the local electrochemical measurements were performed with a local electrochemical cell, similar to the approach described in Büchler et al [30] This sensor consists of a cylindrical container of around 20 ml that can be filled with different test electrolytes, see Figure 7. Fixed in the lid of the container, an Ag/AgCl reference F I G U R E 5 Setup used for the 3D-scanning (a), scanned geometry of a tensile test specimen from Silvestru et al [6] cell in a solution identical to the electrolyte used in the local electrochemical cell.…”

Section: Electrochemical Sensor For Local Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion behaviour of point‐by‐point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars

Michel

Sanchez

Silvestru

et al. 2022

Materials & Corrosion

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Robot‐assisted point‐by‐point wire and arc additive manufacturing is considered a promising technology for optimising the production of metallic connections used in complex nodes, space trusses or grid shells. While mechanical properties of such elements were proved suitable for structural applications, a lack of knowledge exists concerning their durability. We investigate the corrosion performance of low carbon steel bars produced by point‐by‐point wire and arc additive manufacturing. Metallurgical analyses show uniform microstructure along the length of the steel bars. Corrosion initiation tests in simulated atmospheric exposure reveal the influence of geometry on corrosion, in particular, the presence of concave areas. The surface state and postprinting cleaning processes were investigated with microscopy and electrochemical techniques. These experiments indicate a detrimental effect of oxide scales due to the wire and arc additive manufacturing process on the corrosion behaviour of the steel. The results of the study show that special care must be given to the geometry and surface state of wire and arc additively produced low carbon steel components in case of long‐term use.

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Section: State-of-the-artsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Printing Of the Waam Barsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Printing Of the Waam Barsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Sensor For Local Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion behaviour of point‐by‐point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars

Michel

Sanchez

Silvestru

et al. 2022

Materials & Corrosion

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“…For the latter, greater knowledge is needed about the fundamental materials and geometrical properties of metal additively manufactured components, and about the variability and dependence on process parameters thereof. Research in this direction has already begun (Pinelopi Kyvelou et al 2020;Laghi et al 2020;Laghi, Tonelli, et al 2021;Silvestru et al 2021;), but substantially more is still needed. A relevant study on properties assessment of metal additively manufactured components applied laser scanning to obtain statistical data on the geometric variability of WAAM samples (Figure 11).…”

Section: ))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of metal 3D printing to increase quality and resource-efficiency in the construction sector

Kanyilmaz

Demir

Chierici

et al. 2022

Additive Manufacturing

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Ductility and Buckling Behaviour of Point‐by‐Point Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Steel Bars

2022

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The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology in combination with computational design shows a big potential for realising novel force‐flow optimised and material‐efficient connections. This contribution deals with point‐by‐point WAAM, a material deposition strategy that allows to place material precisely where structurally needed or aesthetically desired. This could be applied, among others, for realising a novel optimised type of steel nodes between custom‐oriented profiles, as they occur in freeform steel‐glass grid‐shells. In this paper, the structural behaviour of robotically fabricated straight WAAM steel bars under uniaxial tensile and compressive loading is discussed. The focus is set on the ductility exhibited by such components as well as on the buckling behaviour observed under compressive loading. Experimental tests were conducted, both under tensile and under compressive loading to assess the influence of the irregular geometry on the structural performance. Furthermore, it was studied to what extent a prediction of the ductile structural behaviour, of the compressive load‐bearing capacity and of the post‐buckling behaviour is possible by finite element simulations. This contribution presents and discusses highlights of the obtained results.

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Performance under tensile loading of point-by-point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars for structural components

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

Corrosion behaviour of point‐by‐point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars

Corrosion behaviour of point‐by‐point wire and arc additively manufactured steel bars

Role of metal 3D printing to increase quality and resource-efficiency in the construction sector

Ductility and Buckling Behaviour of Point‐by‐Point Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Steel Bars

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