Performance, Water Use and Effluent Output of Weaner Pigs Fed ad libitumwith Either Dry Pellets or Liquid Feed and the Role of Microbial Activity in the Liquid Feed

Russell, Peter J.; Geary, Tina M; Brooks, P. H.; Campbell, Aisling

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199609)72:1<8::aid-jsfa646>3.0.co;2-k

Cited by 69 publications

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“…The results of this study showed that the FLF diet increased the number of Lactobacillus of cecal digesta, and decreased the number of E. coli of cecal digesta, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. The possible reasons for the positive effect on the intestinal microbiota of fermented liquid feeding might correlate with the low pH of a diet caused by large amount of lactate, preventing the development of E. coli [ 56 ]. Alongside this, our present study also indicated that the FLF diet increased concentration of acetic acid and total VFA in colonic digesta, which were consistent with the results of the population of Escherichia coli .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented Diet Liquid Feeding Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Function of Pigs

Xin

Wang

Xia

et al. 2021

Animals

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Accumulating evidences demonstrate that fermented feed and liquid feeding exerted a great beneficial influence on growth performance and health in the pig industry. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fermented liquid feeding on the growth performance and intestinal function of pigs. Two hundred and eighty-eight 27-day-old weaned piglets (8.21 ± 0.27 kg) were randomly allocated to a control group (basal diet (CON)), an antibiotic group (basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (AB)) and a fermented liquid feeding group (basal diet with fermented liquid feeding (FLF)), with 6 replicates per treatment and 16 weaned piglets per replicate. The experiment lasted for 160 days. Fresh fecal samples were collected to evaluate the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients from the last 4 days of each stage. The results are shown as follows: (1) Compared with the CON group, in the whole stage, the FLF diet significantly increased the final body weight (BW) and ADG of pigs (P < 0.05), and had a tendency to increase ADFI (P = 0.086), but had no effect on F/G. (2) The ATTD of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA), crude fiber (CF), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus (TP) in the FLF group was significantly elevated compared with those of the CON group at 8–20 kg stage (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the ATTD of EE in the FLF group was significantly increased compared with that of the CON group at the 50–75 kg and 100–125 kg stages (P < 0.05), and the ATTD of Ca was higher than that of CON group at the 100–125 kg stage (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with that of the CON group, the level of serum leptin in the FLF group had a tendency to decrease (P = 0.054), the level of serum ghrelin in the FLF group was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) and the level of serum peptide YY in the FLF group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (4) The abundance of Lactobacillus in cecal and colonic digesta was observably enhanced in FLF group. Meanwhile, the abundance of Escherichia coli in cecal and colonic digesta were dramatically reduced in the FLF group compared with that in the CON and AB groups (P < 0.05). (5) The levels of acetic acid in colonic digesta were significantly increased in the FLF group (P < 0.05), and an increasing trend was observed in total VFA in colonic digesta compared with CON (P < 0.1). The levels of acetic acid in colonic digesta were significantly promoted in the FLF group compared with that of the AB group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that fermented liquid feeding improved the growth performance of pigs, which might be associated with gastrointestinal hormone and intestinal functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented Diet Liquid Feeding Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Function of Pigs

Xin

Wang

Xia

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…1996; Russell et al . 1996). These included the incremental increase in LAB and yeast counts from the mixing tank to the fresh feed in the troughs and again to the residual trough‐sampled feed, and the decrease in pH and increase in lactic and acetic acid concentrations from the fresh to residual trough samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2018) and microbiological examination has shown that LAB are very often the cause (Russell et al . 1996; Mikkelsen and Jensen 1998; Geary et al . 1999; Brooks et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological assessment of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig units

et al. 2020

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Aims To investigate the microbiological and nutritional quality of liquid finisher pig feed on commercial production units and the factors influencing this. Methods and results Microbiological and physio‐chemical analyses were performed on liquid feed sampled from the mixing tank and troughs of the finisher section of eight commercial pig units. Lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Escherichia coli counts, as well as lactic acid, ethanol and acetate concentrations were higher in residual feed sampled from the troughs compared with mixing tank samples (P < 0·001). Feed pH, as well as lysine, methionine and threonine concentrations and gross energy were all lower in the residual trough samples (P < 0·001). Liquid co‐products reduced E. coli counts in the residual trough samples (P < 0·05), pH in the mixing tank (P < 0·01) and fresh trough samples (P < 0·05) and mould counts at all three sampling locations (P < 0·01) but sanitation practices had no impact. Conclusions Even when considered unfermented, a considerable degree of spontaneous fermentation occurs in liquid feed, with resultant negative effects on nutritional quality. Significance and Impact of the Study This is one of the first studies showing that uncontrolled fermentation of fresh liquid pig feed is commonplace on commercial units, highlighting the need for implementation of suitable control strategies.

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“…Consequently, high water-to-feed ratios are likely to prevent pigs adjusting their water intake to maximize DM feed intake. Water-to-feed ratio in the context of increased feed wastage associated with liquid feeding compared with dry feeding ( l’Anson et al, 2012 ; Russell et al, 1996 ) must also be considered. Liquid feeding from long troughs normally involves restricted feeding and according to Hurst et al (2008) , feed efficiency (FE) is improved when liquid feeding is restricted compared with ad libitum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of water-to-feed ratio on feed disappearance, growth rate, feed efficiency, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs

O’Meara

Gardiner

O’Doherty

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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The optimum proportion of water for preparing liquid feed to maximize growth and optimize feed efficiency (FE) in growing-finishing pigs is not known. The aim of the current study was, using an automatic short-trough sensor liquid feeding system, to identify the water-to-feed ratio at which growth was maximized and feed was most efficiently converted to live-weight. Two experiments were conducted in which four commercially used water-to-feed ratios were fed: 2.4:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1, and 4.1:1 on a dry matter (DM) basis (the equivalent of 2:1, 2.5:1, 3.0:1, and 3.5:1 on a fresh matter basis). Each experiment comprised 216 pigs, penned in groups of 6 same sex (entire male and female) pigs/pen with a total of 9 pen replicates per treatment. The first experiment lasted 62 days (from 40.6 to 102.2 kg at slaughter) and the second experiment was for 76 days (from 31.8 to 119.6 kg at slaughter). Overall, in Exp. 1, FE was 0.421, 0.420, 0.453, and 0.448 (s.e. 0.0081 g/g; P < 0.01) for pigs fed at 2.4:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1, and 4.1:1, respectively. Overall, in Exp. 2, average daily gain was 1,233, 1,206, 1,211, and 1,177 (s.e. 12.7 g/day; P < 0.05) for pigs fed at 2.4:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1, and 4.1:1, respectively. At slaughter, in Exp. 1, dressing percentage was 76.7, 76.6, 76.7, and 75.8 (s.e. 0.17%; P < 0.01) for 2.4:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1, and 4.1:1, respectively. There were no differences between treatment groups for DM, organic matter, nitrogen, gross energy, or ash digestibilities. These findings indicate that liquid feeding a diet prepared at a water-to-feed ratio of 3.5:1 maximizes FE of growing-finishing pigs without negatively affecting dressing percentage. Therefore, preparing liquid feed for growing-finishing pigs at a water-to-feed ratio of 3.5:1 DM is our recommendation for a short-trough liquid feeding system.

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Performance, Water Use and Effluent Output of Weaner Pigs Fed ad libitumwith Either Dry Pellets or Liquid Feed and the Role of Microbial Activity in the Liquid Feed

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Fermented Diet Liquid Feeding Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Function of Pigs

Fermented Diet Liquid Feeding Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Function of Pigs

Microbiological assessment of liquid feed for finisher pigs on commercial pig units

Effect of water-to-feed ratio on feed disappearance, growth rate, feed efficiency, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs

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