Performances of Dried Blood Spots and Point-of-Care Devices to Identify Virological Failure in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ngũyen, Liem Binh Luong; Diallo, Mamadou Saliou Kalifa; Hoang, Van Thuan; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Pham, Thang; Royer-Devaux, Sandrine; Madec, Yoann

doi:10.1089/apc.2022.0135

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A review by Wang et al 8 revealed that congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be detected by DBS paired with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 84% sensitivity and 99% specificity, which can be useful for retrospective diagnosis and primary screening in remote areas. The same findings have also been recorded for HIV diagnosis with sensitivity and specificity results exceeding 90% for selected devices and with minimal heterogeneity due to varied protocols 9 . For newborns, DBS has been instrumental as a second‐tier test in increasing the accuracy of the screening assay, checking the severity of the disease and providing direct gene analysis 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The same findings have also been recorded for HIV diagnosis with sensitivity and specificity results exceeding 90% for selected devices and with minimal heterogeneity due to varied protocols. 9 For newborns, DBS has been instrumental as a second-tier test in increasing the accuracy of the screening assay, checking the severity of the disease and providing direct gene analysis. 10 There are already documented reports on using DBS tests in hepatitis B infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review

Virtudazo,

Aquino,

Arellano

et al. 2023

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Hepatitis B remains a public health problem worldwide despite vaccine availability. Although the existing diagnostic tools help detect the infection, logistics support and limited resources and technologies affect their usefulness and reliability in developing countries. This systematic review evaluated the performance of dried blood spots (DBS) as a collection and storage tool for diagnosing an hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A comprehensive search using OVID, Scopus and CINAHL databases was performed to collate articles published up to April 2023 that detected Hepatitis B infections using DBS. Five reviewers independently performed identification, screening, quality assessment and data extraction. A qualitative synthesis of the included studies was conducted. Of the 402 articles, 78 met the inclusion criteria. The results show that most studies focused on populations with known HBV, HCV and/or HIV status. Approximately half (49%) of the included studies utilized the Whatman Protein Saver Card for DBS collection. The DBS samples were then predominantly stored in room temperature conditions. In line with this, storage conditions influenced the concentration and stability of the analyte from the DBS samples, affecting the accuracy of downstream diagnostic methods. ELISA methods, using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as an HBV marker, were the most widely used diagnostic tool for detecting HBV infection in DBS samples. The simplicity and cost‐effectiveness of the ELISA technique highlight its potential to be used in low‐resource settings. In line with this, the detection of HBsAg using an ELISA immunoassay had higher sensitivity (85.6%–100%), and specificity (95%–100%) ranges as compared to other target molecules and methods. Although this review only performed a qualitative analysis, DBS offers a promising method for collecting and storing blood samples; however, the standardization of sampling, storing conditions and diagnostic techniques is required to ensure sustainable application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review

Virtudazo,

Aquino,

Arellano

et al. 2023

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…In the field of HIV testing and viral load monitoring, DBS offers several advantages. It allows for easy sample collection and transportation, particularly in resource-limited settings, making it a valuable tool for expanding access to testing and monitoring services [ 21 , 22 , 93 , 111 , 112 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried Blood Spots—A Platform for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and Drug/Disease Response Monitoring (DRM)

Zailani,

2023

Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet

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This review provides an overview on the current applications of dried blood spots (DBS) as matrices for therapeutic drug (TDM) and drug or disease response monitoring (DRM). Compared with conventional methods using plasma/serum, DBS offers several advantages, including minimally invasiveness, a small blood volume requirement, reduced biohazardous risk, and improved sample stability. Numerous assays utilising DBS for TDM have been reported in the literature over the past decade, covering a wide range of therapeutic drugs. Several factors can affect the accuracy and reliability of the DBS sampling method, including haematocrit (HCT), blood volume, sampling paper and chromatographic effects. It is crucial to evaluate the correlation between DBS concentrations and conventional plasma/serum concentrations, as the latter has traditionally been used for clinical decision. The feasibility of using DBS sampling method as an option for home-based TDM is also discussed. Furthermore, DBS has also been used as a matrix for monitoring the drug or disease responses (DRM) through various approaches such as genotyping, viral load measurement, assessment of inflammatory factors, and more recently, metabolic profiling. Although this research is still in the development stage, advancements in technology are expected to lead to the identification of surrogate biomarkers for drug treatment in DBS and a better understanding of the correlation between DBS drug levels and drug responses. This will make DBS a valuable matrix for TDM and DRM, facilitating the achievement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlations and enabling personalised therapy.

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“…Since finger prick samples present an issue with clotting after collection, perhaps blotting paper can be incorporated during collection to prevent clotting during testing in POC devices. Dried blood sample (DBS) tests with high sensitivity and specificity are currently available, but they require some adaption for use in POC, as the DBS test performance can largely vary depending on the protocol and operator. − …”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Microfluidic Devices for Sample Preparation of Undiluted Whole Blood to Enable the Detection of Biomarkers

et al. 2023

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Blood testing allows for diagnosis and monitoring of numerous conditions and illnesses; it forms an essential pillar of the health industry that continues to grow in market value. Due to the complex physical and biological nature of blood, samples must be carefully collected and prepared to obtain accurate and reliable analysis results with minimal background signal. Examples of common sample preparation steps include dilutions, plasma separation, cell lysis, and nucleic acid extraction and isolation, which are time-consuming and can introduce risks of sample cross-contamination or pathogen exposure to laboratory staff. Moreover, the reagents and equipment needed can be costly and difficult to obtain in point-of-care or resource-limited settings. Microfluidic devices can perform sample preparation steps in a simpler, faster, and more affordable manner. Devices can be carried to areas that are difficult to access or that do not have the resources necessary. Although many microfluidic devices have been developed in the last 5 years, few were designed for the use of undiluted whole blood as a starting point, which eliminates the need for blood dilution and minimizes blood sample preparation. This review will first provide a short summary on blood properties and blood samples typically used for analysis, before delving into innovative advances in microfluidic devices over the last 5 years that address the hurdles of blood sample preparation. The devices will be categorized by application and the type of blood sample used. The final section focuses on devices for the detection of intracellular nucleic acids, because these require more extensive sample preparation steps, and the challenges involved in adapting this technology and potential improvements are discussed.

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Performances of Dried Blood Spots and Point-of-Care Devices to Identify Virological Failure in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 60 publications

The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review

The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review

Dried Blood Spots—A Platform for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and Drug/Disease Response Monitoring (DRM)

Emerging Microfluidic Devices for Sample Preparation of Undiluted Whole Blood to Enable the Detection of Biomarkers

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