Peri‐implant diseases

Abstract

When celebrating 100 yr of dental research in the Nordic dental research community (i.e. Nordisk Odontologisk Förening (NOF)), it is relevant to include dental implant treatment. In essence, the successful progress of implant treatment has added both to the quality of life for patients and also to many aspects of professional development and job satisfaction for dentists. When appreciating the success story it also seems relevant to highlight some of the problems related to this treatment. Both technical and biological complications have often been ignored when reporting long-term results following implant treatment. Different opinions have been expressed in relation to the etiology of peri-implant diseases. Some even choose to ignore this condition as a clinical problem. This article presents a short overview of peri-implant diseases (i.e. peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis). The lack of internationally agreed disease definitions for peri-implant diseases, as with periodontitis, results in wide variation of estimates for the occurrence of peri-implant diseases when epidemiological data are reported. The profession still strives to find and define the best way to deal with peri-implant diseases once they are accurately diagnosed. Awareness of the tissue conditions in the peri-implant area, and relevant action when indicated, seems to be critical for the continued long-term successful outcome of dental implant treatment.

Mechanical and biological complications after implantoplasty—A systematic review

“…It is currently accepted that treatment of peri‐implantitis regularly requires surgical intervention to get adequate access to the contaminated implant surface (Klinge, Klinge, Bertl, & Stavropoulos, ; Renvert & Polyzois, ). Indeed, a variety of protocols, including mechanical or chemical means, or combinations thereof, aiming at implant surface decontamination have been proposed.…”

Morpho-elemental composition features of implant surface depending on their cleaning methods

“…The spectrum of microelements on the surface of implants that were in use expanded to eight on the TiU-nite surface and remained the same on SLA surfaces of the implants. The presence of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and oxygen (O), which are considered markers of osteosynthetic processes 5,13 , is detected in the largest amounts on the TiU-nite surface, and there is much smaller amount of them on the SLA surface.…”

“…Utvrđeno je da rast i diferencijacija osteoblasta zavise direktno od mikrostrukture implanata: hrapava površina može da ubrza process osteointegracije i poveća procenat preživljavanja implanata 2,3 . Međutim, sa početkom nošenja protetskih nadoknada na dentalnim implantima, javlja se rizik od periimplantitisa -akutne i hronične inflamacije tkiva koje okružuje implant 1,4,5 . Utvrđeno je da, uprkos mehaničkim uzrocima (habanje) implant može podleći procesima korozije koji su uzrokovani formiranjem kiseline od strane bakterija u dentalnom biofilmu i lipopolisaharidne aktivnosti pljuvačke.…”

“…Spektar mikroelemenata na površini implanata, koji su u upotrebi, proširen je na osam na površini TiUnite implanata, a ostao isti na površini SLA implanata. Prisustvo kalcijuma (Ca), fosfora (P) i kiseonika (O), koji su smatrani markerima osteosintetičkih procesa 5,13 , detektovano je u najvećoj količini na površini TiU-nite implanata, a mnogo manja količina je detektovana je na površini SLA implantaa.…”

“…It was found that the growth of osteoblasts and their differentiation on the implant surface directly depends on implant's microstructure: a rough surface can accelerate the process of osteointegration and thereby increase survival rate 2,3 . However, after the patient began using orthopedic constructions based on dental implants, there is a risk of periimplantitis: acute and chronic inflam-mation in the area of the tissues surrounding an implant1 4,5 . It has been established that, in addition to mechanical causes (wear), the implant may undergo corrosion processes caused by both the acidforming properties of bacteria in the biofilm and the lipopolysaccharide activity of saliva.…”