Peri-procedural Anticoagulation and the Incidence of Haematoma Formation after Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in the Elderly

Cardiac implantable electronic device hematomas: Risk factors and effect of prophylactic pressure bandaging

“…These include anticoagulation use, particularly with unfractionated and low‐molecular‐weight heparin, dual antiplatelet therapy, clopidogrel alone, chronic kidney disease (CKD), advanced age, and gender . Postprocedure heparinization has a profound effect on hematoma formation rates of up to 20% …”

Conservative Management of Skin Fistula Occurring after Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator Replacement

“…In this perspective, peri-operative antibioprophylaxis,2 anticoagulant therapy management,3 implantation technique, wound dressing and patient education are of utmost importance. According to our institution policy, we do not use skin adhesives because we estimate they are not safe enough to achieve wound closure in the immediate post-operative period 4…”

The current status of bridging anticoagulation

“…cancer, joint arthroplasty, reconstructive plastic surgery; Patterson et al , ; Hoy et al , ) Surgery in highly vascular organs, i.e. the liver, spleen and kidney Colonic polyp resection, where bleeding may occur at the transected stalk (Sorbi et al , ) Bowel resection in which bleeding may occur at the bowel anastomosis site Cardiac, intracranial or spinal surgery, where a bleed can have significant consequences (Lazio & Simard, ; Jones et al , ; Mangano, ) Pacemaker or implantable cardioverter – defibrillator device implantation, where the risk of haematoma development is significant (Jamula et al , ; Robinson et al , ; Tischenko et al , ; Chow et al , ). However, recent results from the BRUISE CONTROL study demonstrated that continuing oral VKA therapy is superior to using UFH or LMWH, in the context of pocket haematoma formation (Birnie et al , ) Procedures associated with the urogenital tract, where endogenous urokinase is thought to promote bleeding (Watson et al , ; Nielsen et al , ; Ihezue et al , ).…”