Perianth Development of Potamogeton Richardsonii

Sattler, Rolf

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1965.tb06754.x

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Potamogeton compressus is recorded as having only two carpels per flower (Dandy, 1980). The consistent occurrence of gynoecia with more than four carpels does not seem to have been recorded before, although Sattler (1965) figures a flower of P. richardsonii with five carpels in the same arrangement commonly found in P. berchtoldii. While material was being collected for this study five other species were collected in quantity and one, P. obtusiflius Mert.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Meristic variation in Potamogeton flowers

Charlton

Posluszny

1991

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Flowers of Potamogeton normally have a completely tetramerous plan. Deviations from this norm occur quite commonly in the uppermost flowers of the inflorescence; these variations have been reported before and usually involve a reduction in number of parts. Cases have now been found where the gynoecium of all or many flowers differs from the normal tetracarpellate arrangement; some species regularly have fewer and others more than four carpels. The developmental bases of meristic variation have been explored and quantitative studies of gynoecia and developing gynoecia have been undertaken. The data are used to evaluate the control and correlation of floral development in Potamogeton in general, and in particular the relationship between the gynoecium and the rest of the flower. The developing flower passes through two successive phases of organ initiation: one in which the perianth and stamen primordia arise, and one in which the gynoecial primordia arise. There seems to be little developmental relationship between the two phases except phyllotactic continuity. During the perianth/stamen phase each stamen primordium arises directly above a perianth member, and the presence of a perianth member seems to be a prerequisite for initiation of the stamen. The perianth/stamen phase seems to be rather stable so that normally four perianth/stamen associations are initiated, except in flowers at the tip of the inflorescence. In the gynoecial phase the number of carpel primordia initiated seems to depend on the relative size of carpel primordia and floral apex, and on whether or not the floral apex continues to grow while initiating carpel primordia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Meristic variation in Potamogeton flowers

Charlton

Posluszny

1991

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…However, Markgraf (1936) considered the perianth segment in Lilaea to be an outgrowth of the stamen connective (in line with his interpretation of a number of helobial flowers) and implied that the female flowers arose by reduction of the stamen accompanied by reduction of the outgrowth. Since the initiation of the perianth segment precedes that of the stamen in Lilaea, and indeed in Triglochin (Lieu, 1979), Potamogeton (Posluszny, 1981;Posluszny & Sattler, 1973, 1974Sattler, 1965) and Scheuchseria (Posluszny, 1983), we cannot accept this interpretation. Markgraf (1936) also pointed out that the outer whorl of four stamens in A4aundia Uuncaginaceae) were not associated with perianth segments, while the inner whorl could be reduced to two stamens associated with perianth segments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Morphology and development of the reproductive shoots of Lilaea scilloides (Poir.) Hauman (Alismatidae)

Posluszny¹,

Charlton²,

Jain³

1986

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Shoots of adult plants of Lilaea scilloides have a sympodial form. Each unit of the sympodium bears a single sheathing prophyll (which is the only kind of foliage leaf produced in the adult) and terminates in an inflorescence. The prophyll subtends the next unit of the sympodium. A further accessory bud can form in association with each unit. This bud repeats the pattern of the main sympodium, giving the plant a tufted habit. Five different kinds of flower can be identified in the inflorescence: a unisexual male flower with a single perianth member and adnate stamen; a bisexual flower, with a single perianth member and adnate stamen, and a single carpel with an anatropous bitegmic ovule; a unisexual female flower with a single perianth member and carpel; a unisexual female flower comprising only a single carpel; and a female flower comprising only a single carpel with a very long filamentous style. The first four kinds occur in the upper part of the inflorescence which is normally elevated on a scape, while the last kind is restricted to the base of the inflorescence. In the position of the basal flowers several variations have been observed in cultivated material. These include branching associated with the basal flowers, which results in the development of additional basal flowers or inflorescences, and even total replacement of a basal flower by an inflorescence or a branching structure bearing flowers. A review of past literature includes a clarification of some persistent errors which have confused the taxonomic position of the plant and the morphological interpretation of the reproductive appendages.

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“…At initiation of the inner carpels, each outer carpel develops a rim around a depression. The rim appears more like a torus than a horseshoe (as is typical for many other Alismatales; e.g., Sattler andSingh 1973, 1978), correlating with the meristem expansion of the adaxial carpel side and the elongation of the floral apex (Fig. 12).…”

Section: Morphological Developmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Several authors mention the loss of a sharp distinction between flower and inflorescence (Eames 1961) and consider a homeotic transition from flower to inflorescence in basal angiosperms and monocots (Sattler 1965;Posluszny et al 1986; pseudanthic recapitulation, neotenic inflorescences, "paedomorphic trend," reviewed by ClaBen-Bockhoff 1990; "metaflower," Charlton and Posluszny 1991;Hay and Mabberley 1991;Albert et al 1998;Rudall 2003;Rudall and Bateman 2003). Specifically for alismatids, Rudall (2003) suggests that the reproductive structures may represent neither flowers nor inflorescences in the proper sense.…”

Section: Terminal Peloria and Pseudanthiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inflorescence morphology in the remaining members of clade iii (Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Lilaeaceae [now included in Juncaginaceae, APG II 2003], Potamogetonaceae, Zannichelliaceae, Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Ruppiaceae, Posidoniaceae; Les et al 1997, Chase et al 2006 provides a strong contrast to that of the second clade. Typical for this third clade are small, inconspicuous floral units (term including flowers and pseudanthia, definition below) in a dense arrangement, often sessile, sub-sessile, or on a swollen inflorescence axis (spadix) and with a reduced perianth (Eber 1934;Uhl 1947;Hutchinson 1973;Sattler 1965Haynes et al 1998b). The reduction of the perianth in members of clade iii sometimes blurs the distinction between the flower-subtending bract and tepals (e.g., in Apanagetan L. f., Juncaginaceae, some Potamogetonaceae), similar to Acarus L. (Buzgo and Endress 2000) and the calyculus in Tofieldiaceae (Remizova and Sokoloff 2003;Remizowa et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perianth Development in the Basal Monocot Triglochin Maritima (Juncaginaceae)

Buzgo¹,

Soltis²,

Soltis³

et al. 2006

aliso

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Basal monocots exhibit considerable variation in inflorescence and floral structure. In some cases, such as Triglochin maritima, it is not clear whether the lateral and terminal structures of the inflorescence are flowers or pseudanthia, or where the limits between flowers and inflorescence lie. To address these questions, morphological studies were carried out, and the results show that in T. maritima both terminal and lateral structures are flowers, not pseudanthia. The terminal flower of T. maritima develops from the apical inflorescence meristem, suggesting that the apical meristem identity changes from "inflorescence" to "flower" during inflorescence development. In addition, distal flowers of T. maritima are reduced, and there is no distinct flower-subtending bract; instead, the perianth develops unidirectionally, resulting in an abaxial-median bract-like tepa! and bilaterally symmetrical flowers, similar to those of other basal monocots, such as Aponogeton and Acarus. It is possible that the leaf primordium changes its positional homology from "flower-subtending bract" to "tepa!." Therefore, in some basal angiosperms with abbreviated development of lateral flowers the demarcation of the flower vs. the inflorescence is ontogenetically ambiguous. In situ hybridization experiments show that a putative ortholog of the B-class gene APETALAJIDEFICIENS is expressed in developing stamens and carpels, and may also be expressed in the shoot axis of the very young inflorescence. This expression pattern seems to be consistent with the gradual transition between inflorescence and flower that was observed morphologically.

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Perianth Development of Potamogeton Richardsonii

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Meristic variation in Potamogeton flowers

Meristic variation in Potamogeton flowers

Morphology and development of the reproductive shoots of Lilaea scilloides (Poir.) Hauman (Alismatidae)

Perianth Development in the Basal Monocot Triglochin Maritima (Juncaginaceae)

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