Pericardial Effusion and Other Disorders of the Pericardium

Côté, Étienne; MacDonald, Kristin A.; Meurs, Kathryn M.; Sleeper, Meg M.

doi:10.1002/9781118785782.ch22

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3,4 Small volumes are often noted in cats with congestive heart failure secondary to underlying cardiac disease (various cardiomyopathies), the most common cause of feline pericardial effusion. 5,6 Neoplastic causes include lymphoma, carcinoma and mesothelioma. Infectious causes include FIP, bacterial pericarditis, cryptococcosis, toxoplasmosis, feline leukemia virus and panleukopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory diseases, uremia and coagulopathies have also been linked to pericardial effusion. [3][4][5][6] Significant volumes with the potential to cause cardiac tamponade are very rare in cats. 6 While they may occur due to underlying cardiac disease, large volumes are usually associated with neoplastic or infectious causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6] Significant volumes with the potential to cause cardiac tamponade are very rare in cats. 6 While they may occur due to underlying cardiac disease, large volumes are usually associated with neoplastic or infectious causes. 5,7,8 In our patient, the development of tamponade was suspected given the large volume of pericardial effusion observed on thoracic POCUS before centeses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eosinophilic pericardial effusion and pericarditis in a cat

Wheatley,

Shamoun,

Maggi

et al. 2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 10-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented for lethargy, anorexia and labored breathing. Significant pleural and pericardial effusions prompted thoracocentesis and pericardiocentesis. Cytologic evaluation of the pericardial effusion revealed a highly cellular hemorrhagic, eosinophilic (12%) effusion, with many markedly atypical suspected mesothelial cells, interpreted as concerning for neoplasia. Thoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomy and histology of the pericardium revealed predominantly eosinophilic inflammation with multifocal mesothelial hypertrophy and ulceration. A peripheral eosinophilia was not present on serial complete blood counts. Initial infectious disease testing was mostly negative. Toxoplasma gondii titers were most consistent with prior exposure, although reactivation could not be excluded. The owner’s medical history included a prior diagnosis of bartonellosis. Owing to the challenges of definitive Bartonella species exclusion, the cat was treated empirically with pradofloxacin and doxycycline, and a subtotal pericardectomy. There was improvement at first but pleural effusion recurred approximately 3 months after discharge. The cat was euthanized and a necropsy was not performed. Subsequent pericardial effusion Piroplasma/Bartonella/Borrelia droplet digital PCR detected DNA of Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, and peripheral blood culture and sequencing revealed a rare apicomplexan organism (90% homology with Colpodella species) of unknown clinical significance. Testing for filamentous bacteria and fungal pathogens was not performed. Relevance and novel information This case offers several unique entities – eosinophilic pericardial effusion and eosinophilic pericarditis of unknown etiology – and illustrates the well-known marked atypia that may occur in reactive and hyperplastic mesothelial cells, particularly of infrequently sampled and cytologically described feline pericardial effusion, supporting a cautious interpretation of this cytology finding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%