Peridotites, chromitites and diamonds in ophiolites

Yang, Jingsui; Wu, Weiwei; Lian, Dongyang; Rui, Huichao

doi:10.1038/s43017-020-00138-4

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Less serpentinized harzburgite samples 17SAT22-1 and 18SAT41-4 and olivine pyroxenite sample 18SAT41-5 were selected for olivine and spinel compositional analyses (Fig. S1f), particularly because peridotite spinels are resistant to secondary alteration processes and preserve a record of peridotite formation 54,55 . The olivines in the pyroxenite have Fo values of 90.9-91.7 and NiO contents of 0.256-0.524 wt%, whereas in the harzburgite they show Fo values between 89.9 and 91.9, and NiO contents of 0.25 and 0.46 wt% (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mariana-type ophiolites constrain the establishment of modern plate tectonic regime during Gondwana assembly

et al. 2021

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Initiation of Mariana-type oceanic subduction zones requires rheologically strong oceanic lithosphere, which developed through secular cooling of Earth’s mantle. Here, we report a 518 Ma Mariana-type subduction initiation ophiolite from northern Tibet, which, along with compilation of similar ophiolites through Earth history, argues for the establishment of the modern plate tectonic regime by the early Cambrian. The ophiolite was formed during the subduction initiation of the Proto-Tethys Ocean that coincided with slab roll-back along the southern and western Gondwana margins at ca. 530-520 Ma. This global tectonic re-organization and the establishment of modern plate tectonic regime was likely controlled by secular cooling of the Earth, and facilitated by enhanced lubrication of subduction zones by sediments derived from widespread surface erosion of the extensive mountain ranges formed during Gondwana assembly. This time also corresponds to extreme events recorded in climate and surface proxies that herald formation of the contemporary Earth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mariana-type ophiolites constrain the establishment of modern plate tectonic regime during Gondwana assembly

et al. 2021

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“…However, it was not until the in situ diamonds were discovered in the Luobusa and Polar Ural chromitites as well as the Nidar mantle peridotites [24,35]. Particularly, ophiolite-hosted diamonds have inclusions of fluid and Mn-Co-Ni alloy and obviously show trace elements, e.g., Ba, Pb, Th and Eu, and crust-derived carbon-nitrogen isotope compositions different from those of synthetic diamonds [5,36,37]. Following the independent discovery of diamonds in ophiolitic mantle peridotites and chromitites by Australian, Spanish and Indian geologists, the occurrence of the ophiolite-type diamond was widely accepted [35,36,38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond and Other Exotic Mineral-Bearing Ophiolites on the Globe: A Key to Understand the Discovery of New Minerals and Formation of Ophiolitic Podiform Chromitite

Liu

Lian

et al. 2021

Crystals

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Ophiolite-hosted diamond from peridotites and podiform chromitites significantly differs from those of kimberlitic diamond and ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic diamond in terms of occurrence, mineral inclusion, as well as carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. In this review, we briefly summarize the global distribution of twenty-five diamond-bearing ophiolites in different suture zones and outline the bulk-rock compositions, mineral and particular Re-Os isotopic systematics of these ophiolitic chromitites and host peridotites. These data indicate that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle is likely involved in the formation of podiform chromitite. We also provide an overview of the UHP textures and unusual mineral assemblages, including diamonds, other UHP minerals (e.g., moissanite, coesite) and crustal minerals, which robustly offer evidence of crustal recycling in the deep mantle along the suprasubduction zone (SSZ) and then being transported to shallow mantle depths by asthenospheric mantle upwelling in mid-ocean-ridge and SSZ settings. A systematic comparison between four main genetic models provides insights into our understanding of the origin of ophiolite-hosted diamond and the formation of podiform chromitite. Diamond-bearing peridotites and chromitites in ophiolites are important objects to discover new minerals from the deep earth and provide clues on the chemical composition and the physical condition of the deep mantle.

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“…Diamonds on the Earth mainly occur in volcanic rocks such as kimberlites and lamproites [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], but can also be found in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks [9,10], meteorites [11] and alluvial deposits [12]. In recent years, diamonds have been recovered from ophiolites [13][14][15][16] and alkalic dolerites [17,18]. The discovery of ophiolitic diamonds and alkalic dolerites diamonds has drawn significant research interests to explore the origin of this new class of diamond source and to infer the evolution of their hosting rocks [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This new type of diamond had been initially considered as a result of contamination. However, more and more evidence either directly or indirectly demonstrates that these diamonds are of natural origin [16,18,19,[22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdiamonds in Alkalic Dolerites from the North China Craton: FTIR and C Isotopic Characteristics

et al. 2021

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Most of the diamond deposits in China are in the North China Craton. In addition to gem diamonds in kimberlite, a large number of microdiamonds have also been discovered in alkaline dolerites. These microdiamonds show very different characteristics from those recovered in kimberlite. Here, we report the morphology, colour, nitrogen contents, and carbon isotopic compositions of the diamonds recovered from the alkalic dolerites in eastern China. The microdiamonds are mainly cube and rhombic dodecahedron with diameters of 0.2 to 0.6 mm. Infrared spectrum analysis shows that these microdiamonds are mostly type Ib with a small amount of type Ia. The Y centre is obvious in type Ib diamond. Modelling mantle residence times for the IaAB diamonds is about 550 Ma. Nitrogen contents of the diamonds range from 4.5–503 ppm, with a median value of 173 ppm. The total δ13C range of the microdiamonds varies between −18.6 and −21.1‰ and are similar to those of ophiolite diamond.

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Peridotites, chromitites and diamonds in ophiolites

Cited by 51 publications

References 207 publications

Mariana-type ophiolites constrain the establishment of modern plate tectonic regime during Gondwana assembly

Mariana-type ophiolites constrain the establishment of modern plate tectonic regime during Gondwana assembly

Diamond and Other Exotic Mineral-Bearing Ophiolites on the Globe: A Key to Understand the Discovery of New Minerals and Formation of Ophiolitic Podiform Chromitite

Microdiamonds in Alkalic Dolerites from the North China Craton: FTIR and C Isotopic Characteristics

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