“…PD theory is based on integro-differential equations which are valid in both continuous and discontinuous models. Therefore, it is suitable to predict damages on structures such as crack propagation and multiple crack growths (Javili et al,2018). PD can also be either combined with finite element analysis (FEA) (Kilic and Madenci, 2010b, Liu and Hong, 2012, Bie et al, 2018 or implemented in FEA framework (Macek and Silling, 2007, Han et al,2016, Diyaroglu et al,2017b, Yang et al, 2018.…”