Perimenarchal air pollution exposure and menstrual disorders

Abstract

Shruthi Mahalingaiah: Reproductive Scientist Development Program HD000849, and a research grant from the Boston University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stacey Missmer: R01HD57210 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Environmental Health Sciences Translational Pilot Project Program, R01CA50385 from the National Cancer Institute, Jaime Hart and Francine Laden: 5R01ES017017 from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Jaime Hart: P30 ES00002 from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institute of Health, The Nurses' Health Study II is supported by infrastructure grant UM1CA176726 from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ovarian Dysfunction Induced by Chronic Whole‐Body PM2.5 Exposure

“…Such pathway enrichment is in agreement with previous epidemiological studies, which confirmed that PM2.5 exposure is significantly associated with ovarian dysfunction, including menstrual disorders, lower reproductive capacity, and declined ovarian reserve. [ 50–52 ] Moreover, Cyp11a , Cyp19a , Cyp17a , and Hsd3b related to hormone synthesis were decreased significantly after exposure to PM2.5 for 4 months, while the expression of Hsd17b7 was markedly increased in PM2.5‐exposed ovaries. It has been reported that HSD17b7 mainly expresses in the corpus luteum, which may contribute to estradiol synthesis.…”

“…Recent epidemiological studies have reported the association between airborne fine particulate matter exposure and menstrual disorders in women. [ 50,51 ] High concentrations of PM2.5 increases the risk of ovarian aging as evidence by significant decrease of antral follicle count, a sonographic marker of ovarian reserve. [ 52 ] Intrauterine exposure to diesel exhaust particles compromises the reproductive capacity of female mice and diminishes ovarian reserve.…”

“…Multiple epidemiologic studies have validated that there is a concentration‐response relationship between PM exposure and its harmful effects on ovarian endocrine function and ovarian reserve. [ 50–52 ] Importantly, the disorder of endocrine function and decreased reproductive function are closely related to the abnormal development of follicles. [ 55–56 ] The fate of follicles is determined by the microenvironment of follicles and various signals inside and outside cells.…”

Increased Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Women Exposed to Higher Concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.5: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

“…Mahalingaiah et al (12) and Carré et al (13) observed that all size fractions of particulate matter (PM) exposure and traffic-related air pollution are associated with incidence of infertility and adverse reproductive health (14). Merklinger-Gruchala et al (15) and Mahalingaiah et al (16) showed that the mean concentrations of the air pollutants particles 10 microns and below(PM 10 ), Sulfur dioxide(SO 2 ), Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ), and Carbon monoxide (CO) were associated with shortening of the luteal phase, an irregular menstrual cycle, menstrual disorders and menstrual irregularity, respectively. The above evidence suggested that although infertility and irregular menstrual cycle had many different anatomic or hormonal causes, they would be affected by air pollutants.…”

The use of personal and indoor air pollution monitors in reproductive epidemiology studies

“…Exposure to air pollution has been associated with several adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes, including diminished semen quality and increased risks of menstrual irregularities, spontaneous abortion, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and low birthweight . However, characterising a person's unique exposure to air pollution in studies of human health outcomes remains a challenging endeavour.…”