Perinatal Anxiety Symptoms: Rates and Risk Factors in Mexican Women

Padilla, Janeth Juarez; Lara-Cinisomo, Sandraluz; Navarrete, Laura; Lara, Ma. Asunción

doi:10.3390/ijerph18010082

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Almost one-third (33/120, 27.5%) of participants screened met the cutoff score for maternal depression, which is higher than what was previously reported in the literature for immigrant women and other immigrant groups in Australia [ 21 ], Canada [ 22 - 25 ], and Norway [ 26 ]. Moreover, 12.1% (14/116) met the criteria for increased anxiety symptoms, which is similar to the findings in previous studies [ 27 - 29 ]. It is evident that African immigrant women are exposed to many factors following childbirth, which can impact their maternal mental health, such as lack of social support, weak sense of belonging in the local community, and economic factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For maternal anxiety, however, the rate of 12% in this study is comparable to the rates in other studies on Mexican immigrant women in the United States (18%) [ 29 ], Chinese immigrant women in Canada (18.4%) [ 28 ], and African immigrants in the United States (12.4%) [ 27 ]. Maternal anxiety as a whole is an understudied area among African immigrant women, and thus, there is a scarcity of comparable literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Maternal Depression and Anxiety Among African Immigrant Women in Alberta, Canada: Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey Study

Nwoke¹,

Awosoga²,

McDonald³

et al. 2023

JMIR Form Res

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Background Although there is a significant body of evidence on maternal mental health, an inadequate focus has been placed on African immigrant women. This is a significant limitation given the rapidly changing demographics in Canada. The prevalence of maternal depression and anxiety among African immigrant women in Alberta and Canada, as well as the associated risk factors, are not well understood and remain largely unknown. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression and anxiety among African immigrant women living in Alberta, Canada up to 2 years postpartum. Methods This cross-sectional study surveyed 120 African immigrant women within 2 years of delivery in Alberta, Canada from January 2020 to December 2020. The English version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-10 (EPDS-10), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, and a structured questionnaire regarding associated factors were administered to all participants. A cutoff score of 13 on the EPDS-10 was indicative of depression, while a cutoff score of 10 on the GAD-7 scale was indicative of anxiety. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the factors significantly associated with maternal depression and anxiety. Results Among the 120 African immigrant women, 27.5% (33/120) met the EPDS-10 cutoff score for depression and 12.1% (14/116) met the GAD-7 cutoff score for anxiety. The majority of respondents with maternal depression were younger (18/33, 56%), had a total household income of CAD $60,000 or more (US $45,000 or more; 21/32, 66%), rented their homes (24/33, 73%), had an advanced degree (19/33, 58%), were married (26/31, 84%), were recent immigrants (19/30, 63%), had friends in the city (21/31, 68%), had a weak sense of belonging in the local community (26/31, 84%), were satisfied with their settlement process (17/28, 61%), and had access to a regular medical doctor (20/29, 69%). In addition, the majority of respondents with maternal anxiety were nonrecent immigrants (9/14, 64%), had friends in the city (8/13, 62%), had a weak sense of belonging in the local community (12/13, 92%), and had access to a regular medical doctor (7/12, 58%). The multivariable logistic regression model identified demographic and social factors significantly associated with maternal depression (maternal age, working status, presence of friends in the city, and access to a regular medical doctor) and maternal anxiety (access to a regular medical doctor and sense of belonging in the local community). Conclusions Social support and community belonging initiatives may improve the maternal mental health outcomes of African immigrant women. Given the complexities immigrant women face, more research is needed on a comprehensive approach for public health and preventive strategies regarding maternal mental health after migration, including increasing access to family doctors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Maternal Depression and Anxiety Among African Immigrant Women in Alberta, Canada: Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey Study

Nwoke¹,

Awosoga²,

McDonald³

et al. 2023

JMIR Form Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… 26 On the one hand, perceptions of equity and time spent on housework are related to depression in women. 27 On the other hand, adherence to traditional female roles 28 and the identity of a housewife are associated with prenatal anxiety. 29 Results of our study showed that the assignment of family tasks may have failed to readjust in early pregnancy, and pregnant women, who usually suffer from physical discomfort, 14 tend to hold a worse view of family functioning in the domain of roles, which seems to play an important role in their mood symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in associations between family functioning and anxious and depressive symptoms in Chinese women and their partners in early pregnancy

Qin

Xu²,

Ma³

et al. 2022

BJPsych open

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Background Family functioning is associated with anxiety and depression. Perinatal depression and anxiety are common and influence the well-being of women, partners and their offspring. However, little is known about differences in associations between family functioning and mood symptoms in women and their partners in early pregnancy. Aims Investigating differences in associations between family functioning and anxious and depressive symptoms in women and their partners in early pregnancy. Method In total, 171 woman–partner pairs were enrolled. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item scale (GAD-7) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were performed. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to investigate the associations. Results In pregnant women, all the subscale scores on the FAD were correlated with total scores on the EPDS and GAD-7 (all P < 0.05), whereas only the Roles subscale showed a predicting effect in regression models (P < 0.01). In partners, all the subscale scores on the FAD were related to total scores on the PHQ-9 (all P < 0.05), whereas only the Problem Solving subscale showed a predicting effect (P = 0.029). Conclusions Our findings indicate that family functioning in the domain of roles is associated with anxious and depressive symptoms in pregnant women and functioning in the domain of problem solving is associated with depressive symptoms in partners. Clinicians should pay special attention to roles and problem solving when assessing mood symptoms in pregnant women and their partners. This study also provides a basis for family health education in early pregnancy.

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“…Generalized anxiety disorder (including anxiety not specified) was the most commonly reported anxiety disorder, examined by 184 of 203 studies (90.6%) . The pooled point prevalence for generalized anxiety disorder was 22.2% (95% CI, 19.4%-25.0%; n = 173 553).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our search identified 10 617 studies; 1231 full texts were reviewed, and of these, 203 studies were included (Figure 1; eTable 2 in Supplement 1). Cumulatively, outcomes were reported for 212 318 perinatal women (from conception to 12 months post birth) from 33 LMICs. The prevalence estimates of 6 anxiety and related disorders were reported: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and adjustment disorder.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Perinatal Anxiety and Related Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Roddy Mitchell,

Gordon,

Atkinson

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceAnxiety disorders are associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are thought to be disproportionally burdened by these disorders, yet their prevalence is unclear.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of 6 anxiety and related disorders among perinatal women in LMICs.Data SourcesEmbase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until September 7, 2023.Study SelectionStudies conducted in World Bank–defined LMICs and reporting prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, or adjustment disorder during the perinatal period (conception to 12 months post partum) using a validated method were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. Study eligibility, extracted data, and risk of bias of included studies were assessed by 2 independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled point prevalence. Subgroup analyses were performed by specific anxiety disorder.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes were prevalence estimates of each anxiety disorder, measured as percentage point estimates and corresponding 95% CIs.ResultsAt total of 10 617 studies were identified, 203 of which met the inclusion criteria and reported the outcomes of 212 318 women from 33 LMICs. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most reported (184 studies [90.6%]) and most prevalent disorder at 22.2% (95% CI, 19.4%-25.0%; n = 173 553). Posttraumatic stress disorder was the second most prevalent (8.3%; 95% CI, 5.0%-12.2%; 33 studies; n = 22 452). Adjustment disorder was least prevalent (2.9%; 95% CI, 0.0%-14.1%; 2 studies; n = 475). The prevalence of generalized anxiety varied by country income status, with the highest prevalence among lower-middle–income countries (27.6%; 95% CI, 21.6%-33.9%; 59 studies; n = 25 109), followed by low-income (24.0%; 95% CI, 15.3%-33.8%; 11 studies; n = 4961) and upper-middle–income (19.1%; 95% CI, 16.0%-22.4%; 110 studies; n = 138 496) countries.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that 1 in 5 women living in LMICs experience anxiety disorders during pregnancy and post partum. Targeted action is needed to reduce this high burden.

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Perinatal Anxiety Symptoms: Rates and Risk Factors in Mexican Women

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Maternal Depression and Anxiety Among African Immigrant Women in Alberta, Canada: Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey Study

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Maternal Depression and Anxiety Among African Immigrant Women in Alberta, Canada: Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey Study

Differences in associations between family functioning and anxious and depressive symptoms in Chinese women and their partners in early pregnancy

Prevalence of Perinatal Anxiety and Related Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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