Perinatal exposure toΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) leads to changes in opioid-related behavioral patterns in rats

Vela, Gema; Fuentes, José A.; Bonnin, Ana; ́ndez-Ruiz, Javier Ferna; Ruiz‐Gayo, Mariano

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00255-o

Cited by 67 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some studies report that children exposed to marijuana during pregnancy have a slower gestational growth rate (Hurd et al, 2005) and lower birth weight (Zuckerman et al, 1989;Hurd et al, 2005), as well as reduced gestational length (Fried et al, 1984;Hurd et al, 2005). In addition, perinatal exposure to THC has been shown to affect brain development, resulting in an alteration in behavioral responses, in both rodents and humans Vela et al, 1995;de Moraes Barros et al, 2006). Still, very little is known about the effects of perinatal exposure to cannabinoids on the developing immune systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal use of marijuana during pregnancy has been linked with impaired fetal growth (Hurd et al, 2005) and lower birth weight (Zuckerman et al, 1989;Hurd et al, 2005). In addition, studies in rodents have shown that perinatal exposure to THC may affect fetal brain development and therefore alter behavioral responses of the offspring later in life Vela et al, 1995). A few studies even suggested that children exposed to marijuana in utero may be at a higher risk of developing certain cancers, such as neuroblastoma (Bluhm et al, 2006) and leukemia (Robison et al, 1989), although those findings are still somewhat controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perinatal Exposure to Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol Triggers Profound Defects in T Cell Differentiation and Function in Fetal and Postnatal Stages of Life, Including Decreased Responsiveness to HIV Antigens

Lombard

Hegde

Nagarkatti

2011

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Marijuana abuse is very prominent among pregnant women. Although marijuana cannabinoids have been shown to exert immunosuppression in adults, virtually nothing is known about the effects of marijuana use during pregnancy on the developing immune system of the fetus and during postnatal life. We noted that murine fetal thymus expressed high levels of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Moreover, perinatal exposure to ⌬ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) had a profound effect on the fetus as evidenced by a decrease in thymic cellularity on gestational days 16, 17, and 18 and postgestational day 1 and marked alterations in T cell subpopulations. These outcomes were reversed by CB1/CB2 antagonists, suggesting that THCmediated these effects through cannabinoid receptors. Thymic atrophy induced in the fetus correlated with caspase-dependent apoptosis in thymocytes. Thymic atrophy was the result of direct action of THC and not based on maternal factors inasmuch as THC was able to induce T cell apoptosis in vitro in fetal thymic organ cultures. It is noteworthy that perinatal exposure to THC also had a profound effect on the immune response during postnatal life. Peripheral T cells from such mice showed decreased proliferative response to T cell mitogen as well as both T cell and antibody response to HIV-1 p17/p24/gp120 antigens. Together, our data demonstrate for the first time that perinatal exposure to THC triggers profound T cell dysfunction, thereby suggesting that the offspring of marijuana abusers who have been exposed to THC in utero may be at a higher risk of exhibiting immune dysfunction and contracting infectious diseases including HIV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Exposure to Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol Triggers Profound Defects in T Cell Differentiation and Function in Fetal and Postnatal Stages of Life, Including Decreased Responsiveness to HIV Antigens

Lombard

Hegde

Nagarkatti

2011

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…Naloxone can induce an abstinence syndrome in rats (which is ameliorated by the administration of anandamide (Vela et al, 1995a) or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Hine et al, 1975)) with either perinatal (Vela et al, 1995b) or chronic exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Kaymakcalan et al 1977). The perinatally exposed rats had reduced sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of morphine in their adults lives (Vela et al, 1995b). Neonatal rats exposed to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol have higher levels of immunoreactivity to met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin (Kumar et al, 1990).…”

Section: Interactions Of the Endocannabinoid And Opioid Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis-based medicines in multiple sclerosis – A review of clinical studies

Rog¹

2010

Immunobiology

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“…It has been shown that perinatal exposure to THC affects the functionality of dopaminergic autoreceptors, inducing a greater sensitivity to the presynaptic actions of dopamine D2 receptor agonists [72]. With respect to the endogenous opioid system, perinatal treatment with THC induces a decrease in pain sensitivity and an increase in the tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in males [82]. Baseline opioid activity may be affected since females perinatally exposed to THC showed a decrease in proenkephalin gene expression in the caudate-putamen in adulthood [83].…”

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Perinatal Cannabinoid mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Effects of Cannabinoids on Neurophysiological, Emotional, and Motivational States

Viveros

Marco

2015

Cannabinoid Modulation of Emotion, Memory, and Motivation

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Cannabis sativa preparations are among the illicit drugs most commonly used by young people, including pregnant women. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system, which is involved in the regulation of emotional and motivational homeostasis, synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, also plays a critical role in diverse phases of brain development. Both perinatal and periadolescent periods are critical for brain eCB system development. Thus, interference of endocannabinoid signalling by cannabis exposure may contribute to explain the enduring negative impact of cannabis on neurodevelopmental processes and the resulting psycho-physio-pathological consequences. In the present chapter we describe and discuss published data dealing with the long-term neurobehavioural effects of cannabis exposure during the prenatal and adolescent periods. Human studies have demonstrated that marijuana consumption by pregnant women critically affects the neurobehavioural development of their children. Investigations using animal models provide useful information for a better understanding of the long-lasting deleterious consequences of cannabis exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Increasing use of cannabis among adolescents is a matter of great public concern that has led to a parallel increase in research on appropriate animal models. Chronic administration of cannabinoid agonists during the periadolescent period causes persistent behavioural alterations related to cognitive deficits, increased risk of psychosis, mood disorders and addiction to cannabis and other drugs of abuse. The underlying mechanisms by which cannabis use may lead to these disorders, including genetic vulnerability and the increasing content of the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis preparations, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), will be discussed. To conclude, prevention and therapeutic strategies based on scientific knowledge will be proposed.

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Perinatal exposure toΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) leads to changes in opioid-related behavioral patterns in rats

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Perinatal Exposure to Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol Triggers Profound Defects in T Cell Differentiation and Function in Fetal and Postnatal Stages of Life, Including Decreased Responsiveness to HIV Antigens

Perinatal Exposure to Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol Triggers Profound Defects in T Cell Differentiation and Function in Fetal and Postnatal Stages of Life, Including Decreased Responsiveness to HIV Antigens

Cannabis-based medicines in multiple sclerosis – A review of clinical studies

Age-Dependent Effects of Cannabinoids on Neurophysiological, Emotional, and Motivational States

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Perinatal exposure toΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) leads to changes in opioid-related behavioral patterns in rats

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Perinatal Exposure to Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Triggers Profound Defects in T Cell Differentiation and Function in Fetal and Postnatal Stages of Life, Including Decreased Responsiveness to HIV Antigens

Perinatal Exposure to Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Triggers Profound Defects in T Cell Differentiation and Function in Fetal and Postnatal Stages of Life, Including Decreased Responsiveness to HIV Antigens

Cannabis-based medicines in multiple sclerosis – A review of clinical studies

Age-Dependent Effects of Cannabinoids on Neurophysiological, Emotional, and Motivational States

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Product

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Perinatal Exposure to Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol Triggers Profound Defects in T Cell Differentiation and Function in Fetal and Postnatal Stages of Life, Including Decreased Responsiveness to HIV Antigens

Perinatal Exposure to Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol Triggers Profound Defects in T Cell Differentiation and Function in Fetal and Postnatal Stages of Life, Including Decreased Responsiveness to HIV Antigens