Perinatal risk factors and infantile autism

Maimburg, RD; Væth, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00805.x

Cited by 169 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In particular, growth retardation, fetal distress, umbilical-cord wrapping around the neck, low Apgar score, respiratory distress, resuscitation, meconium aspiration, and Cesarean delivery are all potential risk factors that also may be associated with an increased risk of hypoxia. 6,24,26,36,38,82 Although some brain abnormalities observed in individuals with autism may reflect a potential role of oxygen deprivation during development, this possibility requires additional examination. Hypoxia also has been shown to increase dopaminergic activity, and there is evidence for dopamine overactivation in autism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…80,81 Congenital malformations, low birth weight, abnormal presentation, and low Apgar score also are interrelated. 36 Most studies did not use multivariate analyses to simultaneously control for all obstetrical factors examined, and a different set of factors was examined in each study. It is possible that increasing rates of some obstetrical factors, such as Cesarean delivery, low birth weight, multiple birth, and neonatal resuscitation, may be contributing factors to the rising prevalence of autism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

2011

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Autism etiology is unknown, although perinatal and neonatal exposures have been the focus of epidemiologic research for more than 40 years. Although studies show that obstetrical and neonatal complications may increase autism risk, the specific complications and magnitude of effect have been inconsistent. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: OBJECTIVE:To provide the first review and meta-analysis of the association between perinatal and neonatal factors and autism risk. METHODS:PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases were searched for studies that examined the association between perinatal and neonatal factors and autism through March 2007. Forty studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. For each exposure, a summary effect estimate was calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity in effect estimates across studies was examined, and, if found, a metaregression was conducted to identify measured methodological factors that could explain between-study variability. RESULTS:Over 60 perinatal and neonatal factors were examined. Factors associated with autism risk in the meta-analysis were abnormal presentation, umbilical-cord complications, fetal distress, birth injury or trauma, multiple birth, maternal hemorrhage, summer birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, congenital malformation, low 5-minute Apgar score, feeding difficulties, meconium aspiration, neonatal anemia, ABO or Rh incompatibility, and hyperbilirubinemia. Factors not associated with autism risk included anesthesia, assisted vaginal delivery, postterm birth, high birth weight, and head circumference. CONCLUSIONS:There is insufficient evidence to implicate any 1 perinatal or neonatal factor in autism etiology, although there is some evidence to suggest that exposure to a broad class of conditions reflecting general compromises to perinatal and neonatal health may increase the risk. Methodological variations were likely sources of heterogeneity of risk factor effects across studies. Pediatrics 2011;128: 344-355

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

2011

PEDIATRICS

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“…Weighted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated. Three sensitivity analyses were conducted including the removal of studies with (a) the largest magnitude of association; (b) that included autism and high rates of autism spectrum disorders (6,7,36); and (c), high rates of missing data on paternal age (6,8,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies report a strong association (6)(7)(8)(9)(10), yet others do not (11)(12)(13). The association may be unclear due to methodological limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing paternal age and risk of autism: new evidence from a population-based study and a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

et al. 2010

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“…Maternal immigrant status is another social factor that emerged in eight studies 104,208,243,[247][248][249][250][251] and two systematic reviews 13,100 supporting an association with ASD or ASD subtype. Migrant mothers had a higher prevalence of offspring with ASD in studies from Sweden, the United Kingdom and Australia.…”

Section: Immigrant Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors associated with autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review for the years 2003–2013

Montigny

Ofner

et al. 2017

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

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Introduction: The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been rapidly rising in the past decade. The etiology of this disorder, however, is largely unknown, although the environmental relative to the genetic contribution is substantial. We conducted a scoping review to comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge of the environmental factors present from preconception to early life associated with ASD, and to identify research gaps.

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Perinatal risk factors and infantile autism

Abstract: Our findings suggest that suboptimal birth conditions are not an independent risk factor for infantile autism. A high prevalence of low birth weight and birth defects among autism cases seems to explain the suboptimal birth outcome.

Cited by 169 publications

References 34 publications

Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

Advancing paternal age and risk of autism: new evidence from a population-based study and a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

Environmental factors associated with autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review for the years 2003–2013

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