Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus: an update

El‐Shabrawi, Mortada; Kamal, Naglaa M.; Mogahed, Engy A.; Elhusseini, Mona; Aljabri, Mohamed F.

doi:10.5114/aoms.2019.83644

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…For example, if a patient is HCV antibody-positive but demonstrates no viremia, we can counsel that the best evidence suggests that the patient may not transmit HCV infection to their child. Our findings are different from the existing literature 18 in that internal fetal monitoring, prolonged ruptured membranes, and duration of membrane rupture 6 hours longer or did not significantly affect perinatal transmission. We suggest that intrapartum management does not need to be modified in this population, though further research would be necessary to be definitive.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus

Prasad,

Saade,

Clifton

et al. 2023

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the rate of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, to identify risk factors for perinatal transmission of HCV infection, and to determine the viremic threshold for perinatal transmission. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study of pregnant individuals at less than 24 weeks of gestation screened for HCV infection from 2012 to 2018 in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Individuals found to be HCV antibody–positive were followed throughout pregnancy. Children were followed for evidence of perinatal transmission at 2–6 months (HCV RNA testing) and at 18–24 months (HCV RNA and antibody testing) of life. The primary outcome was perinatal transmission, defined as positive test results at either follow-up time point. RESULTS: A total of 109,379 individuals were screened for HCV infection. Of the 1,224 participants who screened positive, 772 (63.1%) enrolled and 432 of those 772 (56.0%) had data available to assess primary outcome. The overall rate of perinatal transmission was 6.0% (26/432, 95% CI 4.0–8.7%). All children with HCV infection were born to individuals with demonstrable viremia. In viremic participants (n=314), the perinatal transmission rate was 8.0% (95% CI 5.2–11.5%). Risk factors for perinatal transmission included HCV RNA greater than 106 international units/mL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.22, 95% CI 3.16–21.4) and vaginal bleeding reported at any time before delivery (aOR 3.26, 95% CI 1.32–8.03). A viremic threshold for perinatal transmission could not be established. CONCLUSION: Perinatal transmission of HCV infection was limited to viremic individuals. High viral loads and antepartum bleeding were associated with perinatal transmission.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus

Prasad,

Saade,

Clifton

et al. 2023

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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“…Therefore, the rate of maternal-fetal transmission of HCV varies in different geographical regions. Universal HCV screening during pregnancy is recommended to provide the best pregnancy management interventions to reduce the risk of perinatal HCV transmission [ 10 , 14 ]. The prevalence of HCV in Iran ranges from 0.5% (95% CI: 0.4–0.6%) in blood donors to 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4% to 0.8%) in the general population [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Predominant Genotype of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Iran

Farshadpour

Taherkhani

Bakhtiari

2021

BioMed Research International

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Objective. Knowledge regarding the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant women can give clue to health care providers regarding the appropriate management of HCV infection. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic pattern, and risk factors of HCV infection among pregnant women in the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, south of Iran. Methods. From January 2018 to June 2019, serum samples were obtained from 1425 pregnant women, ages ranging from 14 to 46 years ( 28.1 ± 5.99 ). Serum samples were tested for detection of anti-HCV antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (HCV Ab ELISA kit, Dia.Pro, Milan, Italy). Following the extraction of nucleic acid, the molecular evaluation of HCV infection was performed by seminested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR), targeting the 5 ′ untranslated region (5 ′ UTR) and core of HCV genome and sequencing. Results. Of the 1425 pregnant women, 19 women (1.33%, 95% CI: 0.85%–2.07%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. The majority of HCV-seropositive women were in the third trimester of pregnancy, educated, and had a history of blood transfusion, abortion, surgery, or dentistry. Moreover, Arab and Fars pregnant women and those aged >39 years had the highest rate of HCV seroprevalence. Nevertheless, none of these variables were significantly associated with HCV seropositivity. In contrast, HCV seropositivity was associated with place of residency, so that residents of Khormuj city had significantly higher HCV seroprevalence compared to the residents of other cities (OR: 7.05; 95% CI: 1.75–28.39; P = 0.006 ). According to the molecular evaluation, 9 of the 19 HCV-seropositive pregnant women (47.37%) had HCV viremia with genotype 3a. Conclusion. This study reports the HCV prevalence of 1.33% for anti-HCV antibodies and 0.63% for HCV RNA among pregnant women in the south of Iran. Considering the asymptomatic nature of chronic HCV infection and the fact that vertical transmission is possible in women with detectable viremia, therefore, screening of women before pregnancy is recommended to reduce the risk of HCV infection and its complications during pregnancy.

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“…Another study found that HCV-infected pregnant women have a 2% to 8% chance of transmitting the virus to their fetus. The process and timing of mother-to-child transmission, however, remain unknown [55]. Some researchers discovered high numbers of NK cells in the placentas of HCV-positive women.…”

Section: Trans-placental Transfer and Vertical Transmission Of Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-Placental Transfer and Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, HIV and HCV: A Comparative Review

Raslan¹,

EM²,

AR³

et al. 2022

JMPH

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Background: Although SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread fast throughout the world, information on the natural history of illness in pregnant women and the risk of mother-to-fetal transmission is limited. HIV and HCV also showed evidence of mother-to-fetal transmission. Aim: Reviewing literature reports and published data regarding possibility of viral transmission to fetus, and to what extend it could occur for SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and HCV. Discussion: According to certain research, there is no viremia detected in maternal or cord blood, and there is no indication of vertical SARS-CoV-2transmission. Infection can be transmitted transplacentally during the last pregnancy weeks. The absence of placental infection is supported by the finding that the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the Angiotensin 2 Converting Enzyme (ACE2) required for cell integration, is only present at extremely low amounts in the placenta during the first third trimester. Studies indicated that HIV vertical transmission rates during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding range from 13% to 48%, but researches indicated that 90% of the babies protected against HIV during pregnancy. HCV-infected pregnant women have a 2% to 8% risk of viral transmission, but the presence of NK cells in the placentas of HCV-positive women contribute for protective effect. Conclusion: The possibility of Trans-placental transmission of SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and HCV is possible with different incidence rates.

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Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus: an update

Cited by 18 publications

References 125 publications

Risk Factors for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus

Risk Factors for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus

Prevalence and Predominant Genotype of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Iran

Trans-Placental Transfer and Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, HIV and HCV: A Comparative Review

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