Perineal Body Length Among Different Racial Groups in the First Stage of Labor

Tsai, Pai-Jong Stacy; Oyama, Ian A.; Hiraoka, Mark; Minaglia, Steven; Thomas, Jennifer; Kaneshiro, Bliss

doi:10.1097/spv.0b013e318255b096

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the studies involving PL measurements antenatally, and in the first and/or second stage of labour. The average PL is 39 mm (range 37-41 mm) in the late antenatal period or first stage of labour [26][27][28][29][30][31] and PL has increased by 50-60 % at crowning to 60 mm [31][32][33]. Patients with PL ≤25 mm (measured during the first stage) had a significantly greater risk of OASI (40 % vs. 5.6 %, p= 0.004) [26].…”

Section: Anatomical and Tissue Factors Perineal Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they found women of Chinese and Filipina descent to have significantly more perineal tears, they found no such differences between vaginal and cervical lacerations. Tsai et al [29] and Lai et al [31] found no difference in PL between women of different ethnic backgrounds. There may be other factors such as fetal weight and head circumference that contribute to a higher rate of severe perineal lacerations between women of certain ethnicities living in their native countries compared to those who become westernised.…”

Section: Impact Of Race/ethnicity On Oasimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obstetric anal sphincter injuries: review of anatomical factors and modifiable second stage interventions

2015

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Section: Anatomical and Tissue Factors Perineal Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Race/ethnicity On Oasimentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstetric anal sphincter injuries: review of anatomical factors and modifiable second stage interventions

2015

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“…Our average perineal body length was 3.2 cm. This was less than the average perineal body reported in other western studies as 3.7 cm by Lane et al, 3 3.9 cm by Deering et al, 5 and 4 cm by Tsai et al 3,5,7 This difference may be due to racial differences between the studied populations. All the examined patients in our study where African black women; in contrast, in the studies by Lance et al 3 and Tsai et al, 5 only 15% and 18% of the women were black women, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…We also measured perineal body length specifically in the first stage of labor. It is unclear how the perineum changes in length during labor 8 . Clinical observation points to potential dynamic changes in perineal body length in different stages of labor 8 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perineal body length and prevention of perineal lacerations during delivery in cameroonian primigravid patients

Batoum

Meka

Essiben

et al. 2021

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective The rate of perineal tears in Cameroonian primiparous women is reported to be up to 59.7%. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between perineal length and perineal tears. Methods We conducted a prospective study of primiparous women with singleton pregnancies of at least 36+6 weeks length. The admitting physician measured the length of the perineal body at the first stage of labor and this value was hidden from the delivery personnel until delivery occurred. The presence of perineal trauma and other delivery characteristics were recorded. Data were analyzed using univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression. Results The mean perineal body length was 3.21 ± 0.75 cm (range 1.5–5.5 cm). 34 (33.0%) primiparous women sustained spontaneous perineal tears and 20 (19.4%) had episiotomies. No third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tears were observed. Perineal body length shorter than 2.5 cm was a significant (P < 0.04) predictor of spontaneous perineal lacerations (58.3% vs. 29.7% with relative risk 0.59). Both duration of second stage of labor longer than 60 min and occiput posterior presentation were associated with an increased risk of episiotomy in primiparous patients. Conclusion Perineal body length less than 2.5 cm significantly predisposed to spontaneous perineal lacerations.

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“…Many studies have been performed on the perineal tears risk factors, and the results of these studies are widely known by healthcare workers, such as nullipara, prolonged second stage, vaginal delivery with instruments, medial episiotomy, persistent posterior occiput position, and macrosomia [ 3 – 5 ]. However, many health workers neglect patient's perineal structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Perineal Body Length and Degree of Perineal Tears in Primigravidas Undergoing Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy

Djusad

Purwosunu

Hidayat

2021

Obstetrics and Gynecology International

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Background. Perineal tears are one of the most common complications of vaginal delivery. Severe perineal tears can cause various morbidities. There are many factors that affect the occurrence of perineal tears. One of the major factors related to the occurrence of perineal tears is the length of the perineal body. However, until now, no research in Indonesia has concluded that the length of perineal body can predict the perineal tears. Objective. To find the relationship between perineal body length and perineal tears, so it can provide a reference on the use of perineal body length to predict severe perineal tears in vaginal delivery with episiotomy. Methods. This nested case-control study was conducted at RSUD Tangerang and RSUD Karawang in Indonesia from February to September 2017. A total of 126 primigravida patients participated in the study consecutively. The length of the perineal body was then measured and followed until the start of the second stage of labor. Afterwards, the perineal length and degree of perineal tears were assessed using unpaired T-test for bivariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and scoring test to predict the occurrence of third- and fourth-degree of perineal tears with power calculation (β) 80% and Zβ 0.842. Results. There was a significant difference in mean length of the perineal body between the group with first- and second-degree perineal tears and the group with third- and fourth-degree perineal tears ( p < 0.001 ). From the multivariate analysis, adjusted OR was 5.26 (95% CI 1.52–18.17). Score test was performed to predict the occurrence of third- and fourth-grade perineal tears. Perineal body length and head circumference could be used as predicting factors of perineal tears. Perineum length ≤ 3.0 cm and head circumference ≥ 33.5 cm posed a risk of perineal tears of third and fourth degrees (70.52%). Conclusion. The length of the perineal body has a good ability to predict the occurrence of perineal tears.

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Perineal Body Length Among Different Racial Groups in the First Stage of Labor

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Obstetric anal sphincter injuries: review of anatomical factors and modifiable second stage interventions

Obstetric anal sphincter injuries: review of anatomical factors and modifiable second stage interventions

Perineal body length and prevention of perineal lacerations during delivery in cameroonian primigravid patients

Relationship between Perineal Body Length and Degree of Perineal Tears in Primigravidas Undergoing Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy

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