Background. Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae), known as oriental
eyeworm, is a parasite infesting the eyes of many domestic and wild
carnivores which can also cause human infections. Scope and Approach. Due
to the fact that infections by T. callipaeda have been recently spreading
through the Balkan Peninsula, the main aims of this mini review are to give
a clear and concise overview of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and
treatment of thelasiosis in animals and humans as well as to update
epidemiological data about thelaziosis in this area. Key Findings and
Conclusions. Clinical manifestations of thelaziosis can vary from
subclinical to severe. In both animals and humans, treatment of thelaziosis
can be effectively achieved with the removal of the nematodes from the eye
under local anesthesia using a cotton swab or fine forceps. In the treatment
of animals, antiparasitic drugs should be used supplementarily to the
mechanical removal of parasites, while in humans, the topical use of
antibiotics is desirable in order to prevent secondary bacterial infection.
The growing number of diagnosed thelasiosis cases in dogs in the Balkan
Peninsula, and particularly among owned pets in urban areas of Serbia
previously considered free of infection, indicates the spread of zoonotic T.
callipaeda in the area and in close proximity to humans. Finally,
cooperation between veterinarians and physicians is strongly advocated in
favour of the development of effective preventive measures and strategies.