Periodic {001}Walls of Defects in Proton-Irradiated Cu and Ni

Spatial ordering of primary defects at elevated temperatures

“…This conclusion is also supported by the experimental observations. [10][11][12][13] Therefore, we solve Eqs. ͑10͒-͑13͒ numerically for the onedimensional case.…”

“…At low temperatures we do not actually take into account the interstitial clustering ͑ i =0͒, and, consequently, a direct comparison between the present theoretical results and the experimental data obtained under the ion irradiation, when a significant fraction of interstitials is generated in clusters, is not applicable. However, such comparison can be made in the case of 3 Mev protons, 10,13 when rather small cascades are most likely to be produced, 38 and, consequently, no direct formation of sessile interstitial clusters is expected. According to Fig.…”

“…[10][11][12][13] Together with the walls, voids are also observed sometimes. However, they are randomly distributed and do not participate in the ordering.…”

“…Indeed, in copper the formation of the dislocation walls have been experimentally observed at temperatures as low as 100°C. [10][11][12][13] At this temperature, according to ͑7͒ and ͑8͒, t =2ϫ 10 10 ͑s͒, and vl 0 Х 2 ϫ 10 21 m −2 ͑G =10 −7 dpa/s͒. Thus, the experimental doses of a few NRT dpa ͑Refs.…”

“…Bifurcations in the evolution of such systems often lead to the qualitative changes in the system behavior, resulting in pattern formation [1][2][3][4][5] via spatial and temporal self-organization in the defect populations. Examples are bubble and void lattices, 6,7 defect walls, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and various arrays of dislocation loops and stacking fault tetrahedra. [16][17][18] Pattern formation due to the development of instability in the homogeneous vacancy loop population is one of the most actively studied cases.…”