Periodic compensation of polarization mode dispersion

Abstract

Polarization mode dispersion is the effect of signal broadening in a fiber with birefringent disorder. The disorder, frozen into the fiber, is characterized by the so-called vector of birefringence (VB). In a linear medium a pulse broadens as the two principal states of polarization split. It is well-known that, under the action of short-correlated disorder, naturally present in fibers, the dispersion vector (DV), characterizing the split, performs a Brownian random walk. We discuss a strategy of passive (i.e., pulse-independent) control of the DV broadening. The suggestion is to pin (compensate) periodically or quasi-periodically the integral of VB to zero. As a result of the influence of pinning, the probability distribution function of the DV becomes statistically steady in the linear case. Moreover, pinning improves confinement of the pulse in the weakly nonlinear case. The theoretical findings are confirmed by numerical analysis.

Pulse Propagation in Presence of Polarization Mode Dispersion and Chromatic Dispersion in Single Mode Fibers

“…In these approaches, mean DGD plays a central role. Further, analytical calculations of pulse broadening and PMD compensation have also been reported [7,8]. However, these analytical results make use of autocorrelation of the PMD vector [4].…”

“…It is important to calculate the probability that a certain value of SOPMD happens, when the value of DGD is known in a transmission line [8,9]. The frequency dependence of the DGD causes polarization-dependent chromatic dispersion (PCD), resulting in polarization-dependent pulse compression and broadening.…”

Polarization Losses in Optical Fibers

“…Under first-order PMD, a pulse at the input of a fiber can be decomposed into two pulses with orthogonal states of polarization (SOP). Both pulses will arrive at the output of the fiber undistorted and polarized along different SOP's, the output SOP's being orthogonal (Chertkov et al 2004;Foshchini & Poole 1991). Both the PSP's and the DGD are assumed to be frequency independent when only first-order PMD is being considered (Lin & Agrawal 2003c;Gordon & Kogelnik 2000).…”

Diffusion of optical pulses in dispersion-shifted randomly birefringent optical fibers

“…Linear PMD was first studied in Refs. [1,4,5] while nonlinear PMD was addressed in numerical experiments [2] and analytical studies based on a perturbation expansions around soliton solutions of deterministic equations [3,12,13,14,15]. An effect of random variation of GVD was studied in Refs.…”

“…Thus Eq. ( 3) can be averaged over distance much larger than z beat , but still much smaller than 10km [3,6,14,15]. Here we use the simplest possible form of an averaged equation [3,14,15]:…”