Periodic domain structure in Czochralski-grown LiNbO3: Y crystals

Anomalous behaviour of periodic domain structure in Gd-doped LiNbO3single crystals

“…admixture has been studied in rotational growth figures of LiNbO 3 :Y single crystals [11]. By measuring distribution of the admixture along the normal of domain boundaries it was found that domains are formed near yttrium concentration maximums and minimums.…”

Transient light-induced absorption in periodically poled lithium niobate: Small polaron hopping in the presence of a spatially modulated defect concentration

“…The ferroelectric domain structure of period ⌳ Ϸ 24 m is a result of rotation-induced striations and Y doping ͑1 wt % Y 2 O 3 in the melt͒. 5 A single-domain sample of Y-doped LiNbO 3 ͑1 wt % Y 2 O 3 in the melt, grown by Polgár͒ and a nominally undoped LiNbO 3 wafer ͑c Fe Ͻ 5 ppm, purchased from Crystal Technology, Inc.͒ served for reference. All crystals were thermally reduced by vacuum annealing ͑p Ͻ 10 −4 mbar͒ at elevated temperatures for a duration of 6 h. Hence, the properties of small bound Nb Li 4+ polarons ͑ abs = 760 nm, 1.6 eV͒, Nb Li 4+ :Nb Nb 4+ bipolarons and O − hole polarons ͑both at 500 nm, 2.5 eV͒ ͑Refs.…”

Research on Peculiarities of Growth Domain Structure of Doped LiNbO3 Single Crystals Depending on Growth Regimes

“…These methods enable to create domain structures with the periods down to 2 µm, but they fail to yield bulk (more than 2 mm thick) elements with precise RDS. The samples with RDS of enlarged thickness can be produced using rotational growth striations obtained in the crystals doped by rare-earth elements [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The impurities Y 3+ , Nd 3+ , Hf 3+ [11], Dy 3+ , Gd 3+ have a big ionic radius, an uncompensated charge, and value of effective distribution coefficient less than unity.…”