Periodic FDTD analysis of leaky-wave structures and applications to the analysis of negative-refractive-index leaky-wave antennas

Kokkinos, T.; Sarris, Costas D.; Eleftheriades, George V.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2006.871367

Cited by 68 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In order to analyze and design these structures, a FDTD technique has been developed that is capable of predicting the phase and leaky attenuation constants from a single unit cell [59]. The corresponding dispersion diagram for a typical microstrip-based 2D structure is shown in Figure 14.54.…”

Section: Two-dimensional Nri-tl Metamaterials Leaky-wave Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antenna Applications of Negative Refractive Index Transmission‐Line (NRI‐TL) Metamaterials

Eleftheriades¹,

Antoniades²

2007

Modern Antenna Handbook

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In the 1960s Victor Veselago systematically examined hypothetical materials having simultaneously negative permittivity and negative permeability [1]. He described a number of unusual electromagnetic phenomena associated with such media. A characteristic property of these materials is that plane waves propagating in them would have their phase velocity antiparallel to the group velocity; hence these media would support backward waves. Likewise, the vectors describing the electric field, the magnetic field, and the propagation direction would follow the left-handed rule. For this latter reason, Veselago coined the term "left-handed" to describe these hypothetical media. Moreover, he associated this kind of "left-handedness" with the notion of negative refraction and he described several unusual focusing devices (e.g., lenses) based on negative refraction. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that the notion of negative refraction at the interface between a normal dielectric and a dielectric supporting backward waves had been described as early as the beginning of the 20th century [2,3]. It was only recently though that people devised methods of implementing these left-handed or negative refractive index (NRI) media. The first such implementation was produced at the University of California in San Diego and comprised a volumetric periodic array of straight metallic wires and split-ring resonators to synthesize negative effective permittivity and negative effective permeability, respectively, at microwave frequencies [4,5].Another way to implement artificial materials (metamaterials) that support the phenomenon of negative refraction was subsequently proposed based on the concept of loading planar transmission-line grids with reactive elements (see subsequent sections). This transmission-line (TL) approach does not rely on loosely coupled resonators to synthesize the negative permeability; rather, it depends on the electrical connections between the constituent NRI-TL unit cells to create tightly coupled resonators, thus leading to large bandwidths over which the refractive index remains negative. The explicit formulation of Modern Antenna Handbook. Edited by Constantine A. Balanis

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Section: Two-dimensional Nri-tl Metamaterials Leaky-wave Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This vanishing group velocity phenomenon is a consequence of the fact that the structure is radiating; the reader is referred to Ref. 59 …”

Section: Two-dimensional Nri-tl Metamaterials Leaky-wave Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Applications of Negative Refractive Index Transmission‐Line (NRI‐TL) Metamaterials

Eleftheriades¹,

Antoniades²

2007

Modern Antenna Handbook

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“…It should also be pointed out that if a real-valued excitation is used, the final value of (1) is also real-valued. The detailed implementation of the spectral FDTD is as in [7]- [11].…”

Section: Asm-fdtd Methods For Near Field Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When combined with the FDTD method the new algorithm permits savings of both memory and solution time compared with the standard FDTD method (which must include many periodic cells in the stimulation domain in order to obtain an accurate solution). The FDTD method for periodic structures is here implemented with the "phase shift" boundary conditions in the time domain [7]- [11]. This is a new implementation of the FDTD method that permits the analysis of time-varying excitations in periodic structures illuminated by a plane wave with oblique incidence or by a periodic set of line sources phased to produce a beam at an oblique angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directive emission from a single subwavelength aperture in a periodically corrugated silver film

et al. 2007

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Directive emission from a single subwavelength aperture in a periodically corrugated silver film ABSTRACTWe present here an algorithm to evaluate the field in the near zone produced by a finite-size electromagnetic source in a periodic structure, referred to as the array scanning method (ASM) -FDTD method. Using a frequency-dependent silver permittivity model, obtained from measurement at optical and infrared frequencies, we implemented the corresponding modeling equations in the ASM-FDTD algorithm using the Z-transform technique. The developed algorithm is applied to the study of the enhanced radiation of a magnetic line source in a corrugated silver film, and the results indicate that the enhancement is due to the excitation of a leaky mode. We also show that other waves may be excited by the source depending on its location, and how this affects the radiation pattern.

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“…Recently, with the emergence of metamaterials a new kind of LWA was proposed that does not suffer from this problem [5,6], or at least minimizes it. This antenna, however, radiates through the fundamental harmonic (n = 0) and may be considered to belong to the category of the uniform LWAs due to its effectively homogeneous nature even though it is structurally periodic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microstrip periodic leaky-wave antenna optimized for broadside scanning

Paulotto

Baccarelli

Frezza

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

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Periodic FDTD analysis of leaky-wave structures and applications to the analysis of negative-refractive-index leaky-wave antennas

Cited by 68 publications

References 32 publications

Antenna Applications of Negative Refractive Index Transmission‐Line (NRI‐TL) Metamaterials

Antenna Applications of Negative Refractive Index Transmission‐Line (NRI‐TL) Metamaterials

Directive emission from a single subwavelength aperture in a periodically corrugated silver film

A microstrip periodic leaky-wave antenna optimized for broadside scanning

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