Periodic Shorting of SOM Cell to Remove Soluble Magnesium in Molten Flux and Improve Faradaic Efficiency

Zero-Direct-Carbon-Emission Aluminum Production by Solid Oxide Membrane-Based Electrolysis Process

“…By substituting equation (7-4), (7-9), (7-17) and (7-18) into equation ( The current-potential curve obtained from the PDS scan can be curve-fitted using equation (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) to analyze the polarization losses and quantify the unknown parameters.…”

Zero‐Direct‐Carbon‐Emission Aluminum Production by Solid Oxide Membrane‐Based Electrolysis Process

“…Solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis is a novel metals extraction technique that is being developed for the production of several energy-intensive metals, such as Mg, Ti, Ta, Yb and Si [10]- [18]. The SOM electrolysis process features the utilization of an oxygen-ion-conducting membrane, typically made of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), for directly electrolyzing metal oxides.…”

“…Low electronic transference number indicates low electronic conductivity of the molten flux which allows the cell to be operated at high faradic current efficiency [13], [14], [18]. The electronic transference number of the flux should remain small during the electrolysis.…”

Clean Metals Production by Solid Oxide Membrane Electrolysis Process

“…A decade ago, Pal's pioneering work on new molten salt compositions increased solubility of many oxides, e.g., CaF 2 -MgF 2 eutectic molten salt dissolves *10 wt% MgO, decreased zirconia corrosion rate, and has generated new interest in commercialization of the process for metals production [19,20]. The SOM process has been applied to reduce various metal oxides or oxide compounds to the respective metals or alloys, including Mg [19,[21][22][23][24][25][26], Al [27], Ti [28], Ca [29,30], Fe [22], Cu [31], Ta [20], Cr [20], Nb [20,32], Yb [33], Nd, Pr, Dy, Si [34], CeNi 5 , and La x Ce 1-x Ni 5 [35], Ti-Fe alloy [36,37], Ti-Si intermetallics [38,39]. A series of the metals produced by the SOM process are highlighted in the periodic table presented in Fig.…”