Periodicity and synchrony of pine processionary moth outbreaks in France

Li, Shuxian; Daudin, Jean‐Jacques; Piou, Dominique; Robinet, Christelle; Jactel, Hervé

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.05.023

Cited by 44 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Periodic outbreaks of PPMs occur in Spain and France with a return period of 5-9 years, and infestation is more unpredictable in some other areas of the Mediterranean Basin (Hódar, Zamora, & Cayuela, 2012;Li, Daudin, Piou, Robinet, & Jactel, 2015;Tamburini, Marini, Hellrigl, Salvadori, & Battisti, 2013). The intensity of the outbreaks, however, was variable and defoliation could be patchily distributed, even at sites heavily attacked by PPMs.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Sampling Of Needlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close and distant: Contrasting the metabolism of two closely related subspecies of Scots pine under the effects of folivory and summer drought

Rivas‐Ubach

Sardans

Hódar

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Metabolomes, as chemical phenotypes of organisms, are likely not only shaped by the environment but also by common ancestry. If this is the case, we expect that closely related species of pines will tend to reach similar metabolomic solutions to the same environmental stressors. We examined the metabolomes of two sympatric subspecies of Pinus sylvestris in Sierra Nevada (southern Iberian Peninsula), in summer and winter and exposed to folivory by the pine processionary moth. The overall metabolomes differed between the subspecies but both tended to respond more similarly to folivory. The metabolomes of the subspecies were more dissimilar in summer than in winter, and iberica trees had higher concentrations of metabolites directly related to drought stress. Our results are consistent with the notion that certain plant metabolic responses associated with folivory have been phylogenetically conserved. The larger divergence between subspecies metabolomes in summer is likely due to the warmer and drier conditions that the northern iberica subspecies experience in Sierra Nevada. Our results provide crucial insights into how iberica populations would respond to the predicted conditions of climate change under an increased defoliation in the Mediterranean Basin.

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Section: Experimental Design and Sampling Of Needlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close and distant: Contrasting the metabolism of two closely related subspecies of Scots pine under the effects of folivory and summer drought

Rivas‐Ubach

Sardans

Hódar

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The mechanisms of prolonged diapause induction and maintenance are unknown and the failure to predict these long cycles presents serious problems to pest managers. For example, Li et al (2015) report testing cycles of pine processionary moth outbreaks in France using 32-year time series data from permanent plots. Although many monitoring plots over different eco-climatic regions of France show a cyclic outbreak of the pine processionary moth, anomalies are found in a large spatial scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Termination of pupal diapause in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa

Salman

Giomi

Laparie³

et al. 2019

Physiol. Entomol.

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Diapause development is a complex process involving several eco‐physiological phases. Understanding these phases, especially diapause termination, is vital for interpreting the life history of many insect species and for developing suitable predictive models of population dynamics. The pine processionary moth is a major defoliator of pine and a vertebrate health hazard in the Mediterranean region. This species can display either univoltine or semivoltine development, with a pupal diapause extending from a few months to several years, respectively. Although the ecological and applied importance of diapause is acknowledged, its physiological regulation in either case remains obscure. In the present study, we characterize pre‐termination, termination and post‐termination phases of pupae developing as univoltine or remaining in prolonged diapause. Changes in metabolic activity are monitored continuously using thermocouples, comprising a novel method based on direct calorimetry, and periodically by use of O2 respirometry. The two methods clearly detect diapause termination in both types of pupae before any visible morphological or behavioural changes can be observed. Univoltine individuals are characterized by an increase in metabolic activity from pre‐termination through to termination and post‐termination, ultimately resulting in emergence. Remarkably, a synchronous termination is observed in individuals that enter prolonged diapause instead of emerging; however, in these pupae, the increased metabolic activity is only transient. The present study represents a starting point toward understanding the eco‐physiology of diapause development processes in the pupae of the pine processionary moth.

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“…Along these lines, weather oscillations are also considered as external modulators of cyclic outbreaks and defoliation incidence (Hódar et al, 2012;Allstadt et al, 2015). However, defoliation outbreaks also present spatial variability due to the occurrence of different tree species with diverse susceptibility against defoliators Régolini et al, 2014), and the variation in regional climate or local environmental conditions (Li et al, 2015;Toïgo et al, 2017). These sources of variability lead to asynchronous defoliations across regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that PPM defoliation outbreaks display contrasting temporal patterns in different regions (Hódar et al, 2012;Li et al, 2015). Hódar et al (2012) reported oscillatory patterns in the percentage of pine stands with strong PPM defoliations across southern Spain and found a strong relationship between PPM outbreaks and winter climate conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hódar et al (2012) reported oscillatory patterns in the percentage of pine stands with strong PPM defoliations across southern Spain and found a strong relationship between PPM outbreaks and winter climate conditions. Li et al (2015) suggested that PPM dynamics across the French territory depended on several factors such as low host food quality following defoliation causing a strong negative density feedback. PPM outbreaks are also dependent on the host tree species, with some tree species being more susceptible to PPM defoliation than others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns and Drivers of Pine Processionary Moth Defoliation in Mediterranean Mountain Forests

2019

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Insect defoliations are one of the threats of forests health, and climate warming may enhance the occurrence of more severe outbreaks. Thus, understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of insect defoliation may provide valuable information to infer their responses to climate change. To contribute to this question, we studied a 42-year long record of defoliation by pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, hereafter PPM), a major defoliating insect of Mediterranean conifers. We tested the hypothesis that climate warming is increasing PPM defoliation, which occurs in winter, and enhancing its upward shift. We analyzed data corresponding to PPM defoliation affecting 92 stands of four pine species distributed across an altitudinal (1,030-1,695 m) gradient (going downwards: Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Pinus pinaster, and Pinus halepensis) located near Mora de Rubielos (Teruel, Spain). We found a higher prevalence of PPM defoliation in P. nigra stands followed by P. sylvestris. PPM defoliation showed several peaks (1979-1983, 1991-1992, and 1995-1996) and it was positively related to winter minimum temperatures, with temperatures below −12 • C reducing PPM defoliation. We found higher defoliation in stands dominated by P. nigra, located at intermediate altitude and with low tree density. We did not detect any upward shift of PPM defoliations. PPM defoliation dynamics depend on forest structure and on forest composition, but it might also be impacted by the occurrence of lethal temperatures below a threshold. These patterns should be considered when forecasting the range expansion of forest insects in response to climate warming.

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Periodicity and synchrony of pine processionary moth outbreaks in France

Cited by 44 publications

References 69 publications

Close and distant: Contrasting the metabolism of two closely related subspecies of Scots pine under the effects of folivory and summer drought

Close and distant: Contrasting the metabolism of two closely related subspecies of Scots pine under the effects of folivory and summer drought

Termination of pupal diapause in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa

Patterns and Drivers of Pine Processionary Moth Defoliation in Mediterranean Mountain Forests

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