Periodicity Intensity of the 24 h Circadian Rhythm in Newborn Calves Show Indicators of Herd Welfare

Rhodes, Victoria; Maguire, Maureen G.; Shetty, Meghana; McAloon, Conor G.; Smeaton, Alan F.

doi:10.3390/s22155843

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition, a daily pattern might refer to a day-to-day pattern, or to a within-day pattern. Softer terms, such as periodicity (van Dixhoorn et al , 2018; Rhodes et al , 2022) and ‘in relation to time of day’ (Stoye et al , 2012) were also found. A term like ‘periodicity’ opens up to a wider understanding of a concept, which includes some regularity, but lacks immediate information on the length of period.…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both nighttime rumination time and the ratio between daytime and nighttime rumination time, as well as the difference between recorded and expected rumination time per 2-h, were important features for the prediction of healthy vs. diseased cows using classification models. As suggested by Rhodes et al (2022), computing and visualizing the intensity of a 24-h pattern will provide information regarding the strength of periodicity of the individual that is not detectable directly from movement data. By applying the theory of lack of robustness being a sign of upcoming disease to the lying distribution in Figure 2, it becomes apparent that cow 120 might be in need of extra supervision.…”

Section: Individual Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do you see the pattern? Make the most of sensor data in dairy cows

Kok,

Ternman,

Thorup

2023

Journal of Dairy Research

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Sensors are increasingly being used to monitor animal behaviour. Data handling methods have, however, lagged behind the continuous data stream to some extent, often being limited to summarizing data into daily averages at group level. This research reflection presents our opinion of the neglected application of 24-h pattern analysis. Recent studies of dairy cow behaviour have demonstrated that additional ways of analysing data improve our understanding of animal behaviour and add value to data that were already retrieved. The terminology for the described 24-h patterns differs between these studies, making them difficult to compare. Thus, diurnal, circadian, daily, periodicity and 24-h pattern are all terms used to describe dairy cow activities over a 24-h period. Several studies have shown that the 24-h behavioural pattern at herd level is relatively consistent over time, and that with well-established management routines, a specific herd signature will be evident. However, within a herd, individual cows may have individual 24-h patterns with more or less variability. Recent studies suggest that deviations from herd and/or individual 24-h patterns can be used to describe cow robustness, as well as to predict disease. We strongly believe that individual and herd 24-h patterns provide a great deal of information about behaviour and that these patterns offer opportunity for more precise and timely health management and welfare monitoring.

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Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do you see the pattern? Make the most of sensor data in dairy cows

Kok,

Ternman,

Thorup

2023

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…Indicators of homeostatic integrity include the periodicity of biorhythms and the dynamic complexity of system functions such as behaviours and affective state. The degree of synchronisation of behaviours and physiological variables within the 24 h circadian cycle is decreased when current and future health status and some production outcomes are poorer in freegrazing sheep (Nunes Marsiglio Sarout et al 2018), calves (Veissier et al 1989;Sun et al 2021;Rhodes et al 2022) and cows (van Dixhoorn et al 2018;Wagner et al 2021). Many methods have been developed for analysing the strength of periodicity of biorhythms (e.g.…”

Section: Analysis Of Physiological and Behavioural Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many methods have been developed for analysing the strength of periodicity of biorhythms (e.g. Scheibe et al 1999;Wagner et al 2021;Rhodes et al 2022). In addition to changes in periodicity of biorhythms, the temporal complexity of behaviours (Asher et al 2009) is decreased during periods of stress and disease in livestock (Burgunder et al 2018;Herborn et al 2020), zoo animals (Miller et al 2020) and wild species (MacIntosh et al 2011).…”

Section: Analysis Of Physiological and Behavioural Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators of functional integrity in production animals

et al. 2023

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An ability to describe the quality of lived experience across the course of an animal’s life is of increasing interest in studies on wellbeing in farm animals. Integrity of physical functions is an important aspect of the tripartite model of wellbeing: feeling, functioning and interacting well. This review examines measures of functional integrity as potential indicators of functional (eudaimonic) wellbeing. Copious literature shows that coping with day-to-day fluctuations in the environment influences (1) periodicity of biorhythms, (2) allocation of resources to growth, defence and repair, and (3) rate of biological aging. Here we review opportunities for assessing functional integrity through analysis of (1) the dynamic status of physiological and behavioural variables, (2) the accretion of resources in production tissues (milk, eggs, body mass, offspring) and physical structures (fibre, hoof, bone, tooth, placoid scale, otolith, beak), and (3) biological age. A reduction in periodicity of biorhythms, complexity of behaviours, or uniformity of trajectories of growth and production is often associated with poorer current and future health outcomes and shorter functional longevity. These analytical approaches are grounded in statistical measures of stability in complex dynamic systems. Additionally, the cumulative effect of wear and tear on biological age can be assessed via telomere length, DNA methylation, biomarkers of allostatic load, hair cortisol, and physiological functional capacity. Timeseries of behaviour, physiology and accretion provide a richer record of functional integrity than do cumulative indicators of biological age. Indicators of integrity are needed for each phase of the animal’s life course including attainment of developmental competencies, stability of mature performance, and rate of decline with advancing age, to provide a comprehensive record across the whole of the animal’s life. The utility of measures may differ between real-time and retrospective assessments and between application to every individual versus sentinels. Further validation is required for interpretating measures of functional integrity as indicators of the functional aspect of wellbeing, together with determining their practicality and reliability before translation to commercial settings is feasible. A single type of indicator of functional wellbeing (e.g. DNA methylation) is unlikely to have utility for all life stages, species, production systems, and environments.

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“…The regularity of the sleep-wake cycle is important not just for humans but for other living animals. We investigated the strength of the circadian periodicity of newborn calves on a commercial farm and how that strength of periodicity changes throughout their first 6-8 weeks after birth [31]. Many animals including cattle are behaviourally synchronised with herds coordinating reactions to external zeitgebers [32] so our interest in this use case is in the periodicity intensity of the circadian rhythm for the herd as a whole as well as for individual calves.…”

Section: Periodicity Intensity In Calf Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%