Periodicity of extinction and recolonization of the West Indian topshell<i>Cittarium pica</i>in the Quaternary of Bermuda (Gastropoda: Trochoidea)

Olson, Storrs L.; Hearty, Paul J.

doi:10.1111/bij.12119

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Nowhere in the world today are C. pica found inhabiting waters as cold as those recorded in the Grape Bay fossils. Today, C. pica only live in locations with mean annual temperatures above 20°C [ Olson and Hearty , ]. Based on the isotope sclerochonologies, summer temperatures recorded by Grape Bay shells never exceed ~20°C (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. pica is known in Bermuda only during interglacial intervals, including the current one [ Olson and Hearty , ]. This species is thought to recolonize the island at the very onset of interglacial intervals [ Olson and Hearty , ]. C. pica usually lives at the surface and does not live deeper than 7 m in the water column [ Welch , ], meaning that temperature information recorded in its shell carbonate represents true SST.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meltwater pulse recorded in Last Interglacial mollusk shells from Bermuda

et al. 2017

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The warm climate of Bermuda today is modulated by the nearby presence of the Gulf Stream current. However, iceberg scours in the Florida Strait and the presence of ice‐rafted debris in Bermuda Rise sediments indicate that, during the last deglaciation, icebergs discharged from the Laurentide Ice Sheet traveled as far south as subtropical latitudes. We present evidence that an event of similar magnitude affected the subtropics during the Last Interglacial, potentially due to melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Using the clumped isotope paleothermometer, we found temperatures ~10°C colder and seawater δ18O values ~2‰ lower than modern in Last Interglacial Cittarium pica shells from Grape Bay, Bermuda. In contrast, Last Interglacial shells from Rocky Bay, Bermuda, record temperatures only slightly colder and seawater δ18O values similar to modern, likely representing more typical Last Interglacial conditions in Bermuda outside of a meltwater event. The significantly colder ocean temperatures observed in Grape Bay samples illustrate the extreme sensitivity of Bermudian climate to broad‐scale ocean circulation changes. They indicate routine meltwater transport in the North Atlantic to near‐equatorial latitudes, which would likely have resulted in disruption of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. These data demonstrate that future melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, a potential source of the Last Interglacial meltwater event, could have dramatic climate effects outside of the high latitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meltwater pulse recorded in Last Interglacial mollusk shells from Bermuda

et al. 2017

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“…Another grazing herbivore of the intertidal and shallow subtidal, the West Indian top shell (Cittarium pica), was extirpated in Bermuda by human predation in the early 1800s (Olson and Hearty 2013), leaving the habitat without its largest (5-15 cm shells; Sterrer 1986) native gastropod. Several attempted Caribbean reintroductions of this species from 1901 through the 1970s failed due to a lack of government protection against renewed harvest by local Bermudians for food (Olson and Hearty 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several attempted Caribbean reintroductions of this species from 1901 through the 1970s failed due to a lack of government protection against renewed harvest by local Bermudians for food (Olson and Hearty 2013). The 1982 reintroduction of top shells was finally successful owing to the 1993 amendment of the 1978 Fisheries (Protected Species) Order to prevent their harvest (Bickley and Rand 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could marine animal conservation laws be responsible for the decline or extirpation of macroalgal populations in Bermuda over the past century?

Schneider

Flook

2017

Botanica Marina

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Using over 10,000 archival herbarium specimens from Bermuda, we compared the presence or absence of seaweeds from a century ago with our more than 5000 collections from the last 30 years. Populations of parrotfish, important herbivores of macroalgae in the tropics, have increased since the 1993 amendment to the Bermuda 1978 Fisheries (Protected Species) Order. A fish pot ban for Bermuda was put into effect in 1990 to protect a variety of fish including parrotfish and several species of grouper, important predators of parrotfish that were rarely seen in island waters at the time. Intertidal grazing West Indian top shells were reintroduced in 1982 to Bermuda, and since then, along with the rise in parrotfish populations, inshore populations of many macroalgae have dramatically changed. We suggest that several large and abundant Bermuda macroalgal species recorded in the early 20th century appear to have been extirpated or are greatly diminished in sizes of individuals as well as population abundance, and propose that marine animal protections over the past 35 years are a possible reason for the changes we are presently observing.

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