1984
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.801
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Periodicity of extinctions in the geologic past.

Abstract: The temporal distribution of the major extinctions over the past 250 million years has been investigated statistically using various forms of time series analysis. The analyzed record is based on variation in extinction intensity for fossil families of marine vertebrates, invertebrates, and protozoans and contains 12 extinction events. The 12 events show a statistically significant periodicity (P < 0.01) with a mean interval between events of 26 million years. Two of the events coincide with extinctions that h… Show more

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Cited by 851 publications
(490 citation statements)
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References 14 publications
(13 reference statements)
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“…This widely recognized difference in characteristic extinction rates between higher-level taxa goes back to Simpson's "Tempo and Mode in Evolution" [2]. Concerning the actual patterns and causes of extinction events in particular, Raup has made interesting observations, including "kill curves" and fractal patterns of extinctions, as well as possible periodicity in the large-scale pattern of extinction [3,4]. Such periodicity has later been studied, e.g., by Kirchner [5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…This widely recognized difference in characteristic extinction rates between higher-level taxa goes back to Simpson's "Tempo and Mode in Evolution" [2]. Concerning the actual patterns and causes of extinction events in particular, Raup has made interesting observations, including "kill curves" and fractal patterns of extinctions, as well as possible periodicity in the large-scale pattern of extinction [3,4]. Such periodicity has later been studied, e.g., by Kirchner [5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…This is, in part, due to the lack of an agreed upon, chronostratigraphic framework for the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary (Zakharov et al, 1996;Wimbledon et al, 2011;Michalík and Reháková, 2011;Guzhikov et al, 2012;Shurygin and Dzyuba, 2015). It is a time of contentious biotic changes, for which opinions have ranged from proposal of a putative mass extinction (Raup and Sepkoski, 1984) or a regional event (Hallam, 1986) or nonevent (Alroy, 2008;Rogov et al, 2010). Using large taxonomic occurrence databases, several recent studies (particularly of tetrapods) have re-examined the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, and note a sharp decline in diversity around the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary (Barrett et al, 2009;Mannion et al, 2011;Upchurch et al, 2011;Tennant et al, 2016).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such a hypothetical trans-Plutonian object has been variously dubbed so far as Planet X (Lowell 1915), Nemesis (Raup & Sepkoski 1984), Tyche (Matese & Whitmire 2011), Thelisto (Iorio 2013); in the following, we will refer to it as PX.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the early work of Lowell (1915), the hypothesis that the remote peripheries of the Solar System may host a still unseen major body is regularly re-emerged over the years (see, e.g., (Raup & Sepkoski 1984;Whitmire & Jackson 1984;Gomes et al 2006;Lykawka & Mukai 2008;Iorio 2009;Melott & Bambach 2010;Matese & Whitmire 2011;Fernández 2011;Lykawka 2012;Gomes & Soares 2012;Iorio 2012Iorio , 2013Trujillo & Sheppard 2014)), supported by a number of more or less sound indirect observational motivations ranging from alleged periodicities detected in paleontological fossil records on the Earth (Melott & Bambach 2013) to certain morphological features of the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt (Lykawka 2012). Such a hypothetical trans-Plutonian object has been variously dubbed so far as Planet X (Lowell 1915), Nemesis (Raup & Sepkoski 1984), Tyche (Matese & Whitmire 2011), Thelisto (Iorio 2013); in the following, we will refer to it as PX.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%