Periodontal Disease and Nuclear and Oxidative DNA Damage

Abstract

Oral health is an important aspect of the overall health status of an individual. DNA damage has been associated with oral health and dental factors due to the increased of oxidative stress (OxS). DNA damage can produce a wide range of effects on human health. These effects could appear immediately, but others do not become evident much later. Chronic diseases have been study to understand their mechanisms, clinical implications, and the development of secondary disease such as cancer. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases. It is an inflammatory chronic infectious disease, which is characterized by the loss of supporting tissues and tooth loss caused by periodontopathogens and long-term release of reactive oxygen species (ROS); thus, oxidative stress is increased during periodontitis. Oxidative stress can produce DNA damage, including the oxidation of nucleosides, which could cause DNA strand break. This oxidative damage leads the formation of micronuclei (MN) a marker of nuclear damage. Also, oxidative stress increased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels which are the most common stable product of oxidative DNA damage.

Nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa cells of patients with type I and II diabetes treated with folic acid

“…Nuclear extensions and nuclear buds (NBUDs), which can generate MN, have a source similar to MN and are associated with the gene amplification process [23,26,[29][30][31]. Binucleated cells (BN) are caused by defects in cytokinesis.…”

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress before and after Using Laser and Photoactivation Therapy as Adjuvant of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Plentiful research studies have indicated a higher level of 8-OHdG in GCF and saliva of patients with periodontitis compared to healthy ones, as well as a significant association with periodontal clinical parameters [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]; in addition, levels are significantly reduced by periodontal treatment [ 19 , 22 ] but with no difference between local levels of 8-OHdG in people with gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as among patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis [ 20 ]. Several studies have indicated that the level of 8-OHdG is directly related to the presence and/or amount of bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis , Tannerella forsythia , Treponema denticola , and Streptococcus anginosus [ 23 , 24 ].…”