Periodontal disease and systemic health: An update for medical practitioners

Kalhan, Ashish Chetan; Wong, Mun Loke; Allen, Finbarr; Gao, Xiaoli

doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021503

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Bacteria from periodontal pockets can travel to other systems, causing pathological changes in them [1,2,23,24,25,26,27,28]. A normal endocardial endothelium provides a barrier for bacteria and prevents colonisation and the development of inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria from periodontal pockets can travel to other systems via the oral and inhalation routes, as well as enter the bloodstream (some dental procedures, which cause bacteria to enter the bloodstream) and to distant organs through this route (heart, brain, kidneys, liver, eyes or reproductive organs in women), causing pathological changes in them [1,2,23,24,25,26,27,28].…”

Section: Description Of the State Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Known risk factors for cardiovascular disease include diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, lack of regular physical activity, male sex, advanced age and a family burden. Furthermore, lack of oral hygiene is considered a cardiovascular risk factor [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral hygiene as a cardiovascular risk factor - review of the literature

Chiżyński

ŁĘGOCKA

ANDRYSZCZAK

2023

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and Objective. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Poland and around the world. An important aspect of managing patients with cardiovascular diseases is their proper diagnosis and treatment. An important element is also the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Prevention of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases mentioned above consists of the elimination of so-called cardiovascular risk factors. A relatively unknown risk factor for cardiovascular disease is the lack of oral hygiene. The authors of the work analyze what elements are related to the lack of oral hygiene affect the cardiovascular risk and try to present the mechanisms of the oral cavity condition that may affect the cardiovascular system. Review Methods. A review of the recent literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar databases. Brief description of the state of knowledge. The oral cavity is a site colonised by many species of microorganisms.Bacteria from periodontal pockets can travel to other systems as well as enter the bloodstream, and that way to distant organs. A normal endocardial endothelium provides a barrier for bacteria and prevents colonisation and the development of inflammation. However, in cases where it is damaged, it can provide a gateway for microorganisms to infect the valve, which may lead to the development of infective endocarditis. Summary. In case of periodontitis in patient with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction or stroke, active dental or periodontal treatment should be undertaken. Bacteria from periodontal pockets can travel to other systems causing pathological changes in them. Key words Oral hygiene, periodontitis, infective endocarditis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the State Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral hygiene as a cardiovascular risk factor - review of the literature

Chiżyński

ŁĘGOCKA

ANDRYSZCZAK

2023

J Educ Health Sport

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“…The figures that have been found are around 1.1 billion cases of severe periodontal disease, in 2019. These amounts are equivalent to 15% of the world population [6] . The use of probiotics has been proposed as an adjunct to periodontal therapy due to the origin of the disease based on dental plaque formed by bacteria [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of oral probiotics in non-surgical periodontal therapy: Literature Review

Pulido¹,

Cantu²,

Franco³

et al. 2023

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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Periodontal disease is a chronic disease that develops through multiple factors. It is directly associated with the accumulation of biofilm. It is characterized by progressive destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Clinically it can be diagnosed through parameters that are gingival inflammation, loss of clinical attachment, increased probing depth, bleeding on probing, and dental mobility. The figures that have been found are around 1.1 billion cases of severe periodontal disease, in 2019. These amounts are equivalent to 15% of the world population. Radio graphically, vertical, horizontal, or both bone loss may be seen. Periodontal therapy is based on five phases: systemic, hygienic, surgical, restorative and maintenance. Currently, adjuvants to periodontal therapy have been found with favorable results. Oral probiotics, the Lactobacillus strain specifically, have been studied in non-surgical periodontal therapy. It has been shown that in patients with gingivitis plus the use of probiotics and periodontal mechanical therapy, patients have a reduction in the previously mentioned clinical parameters. On the other hand, there are also prebiotics that are non-pathogenic bacteria, their function is to improve the health of the host. This is how systemic homeostasis through vitamins and food, proposes a lower risk of developing periodontal disease.

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“…[4,5] Periodontitis is closely associated with various systemic diseases, including hypertensive heart disease, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and even cancer. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents one of the most prominent public health challenges worldwide. It ranks among the most common causes of end-stage renal disease, [12] contributing to approximately 40% of new patients requiring renal replacement therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of potential crosstalk genes and mechanisms between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy through bioinformatic analysis

Lu,

Sun,

Sun

2023

Medicine

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Periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy are significant public health concerns globally and are closely related with each other. This study aimed to identify potential crosstalk genes, pathways, and mechanisms associated with the interaction between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. Expression profiles of periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy were retrieved from the Gene expression omnibus gene expression omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, followed by identification of co-expressed differential genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using R software. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed via STRING website, and key crosstalk genes were selected using Cytoscape. Subsequent gene ontology and KEGG analyses were conducted for the key genes, and a validation dataset was obtained from the gene expression omnibus database for differential gene validation. The TRRUST website was employed to identify transcription factors (TFs) associated with the key crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy, followed by differential analysis of TFs. A total of 17 crosstalk genes were obtained. Among them, SAMSN1, BCL2A1, interleukin-19, IL1B, RGS1, CXCL3, CCR1, CXCR4, CXCL1, and PTGS2 were identified as key crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, 16 key TFs were discovered. This bioinformatic analysis revealed potential crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. The identified key genes participate in signaling pathways, including cytokine signaling and chemokine signaling transduction, which might collectively influence these 2 diseases. These genes may serve as potential biomarkers guiding future research in this field.

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Periodontal disease and systemic health: An update for medical practitioners

Cited by 30 publications

References 93 publications

Oral hygiene as a cardiovascular risk factor - review of the literature

Oral hygiene as a cardiovascular risk factor - review of the literature

The use of oral probiotics in non-surgical periodontal therapy: Literature Review

Identification of potential crosstalk genes and mechanisms between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy through bioinformatic analysis

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