Periodontal disease characterization in dogs with normal renal function or chronic renal failure

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate periodontal disease (PD) in dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF) and to compare it to PD in dogs with normal renal function (NRF). Twelve dogs with CRF and 24 dogs with NRF, all presenting dental pocket formation, were compared. In all dogs, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine specific gravity and total red and white blood cells were determined. A complete oral examination was also performed including evaluation of bacterial plaque, gingivitis, gingival recession, pocket, calculus, dental mobility, dental loss, and ulcers. These data were used to calculate plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and periodontal destruction index (PDI). PD was graded as mild, moderate or severe based on the results. Mild, moderate or severe PD was observed in dogs with NRF, whereas dogs with CRF presented either mild or severe PD. Dogs with NRF showed higher involvement of the maxillary teeth, whereas dogs with CRF showed a higher involvement of the mandibular teeth. Plaque index was significantly higher in dogs with NRF. It was concluded that lesion distribution and periodontal disease progression may be altered in dogs with CRF, and gingival inflammatory response differs in dogs with NRF and CRF regarding to the stage of periodontal disease.

Lack of Correlation between Periodontitis and Renal Dysfunction in Systemically Healthy Patients

“…Our results are consistent with published data showing that mild, moderate or severe periodontitis was observed in dogs with normal renal function, assessed by serum levels of creatinine and urea and by urine density. 37 Leivadaros et al 38 also found no correlation between the urinary albumin/ creatinine ratio and periodontitis, while Taylor et al 39 found no change in urea levels after extraction of all teeth from patients suffering from periodontitis.…”

Association between Serum Creatinine and Periodontal Disease Severity—A Comparative Clinicobiochemical Study

“…18 In Barbudo-Selmi GR et al, there was no difference in serum levels of creatinine in dogs with mild, moderate and severe periodontitis. 19 Also Taylor et al reported even after extraction of all teeth from periodontitis patients, there was no change in urea levels. 20 In lieu of the above controversy, this study was undertaken to evaluate the possible association between the periodontal status of the systemically healthy individuals and the SCR level to assess the role of periodontitis on renal function.…”