Periodontal Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study in Smokers and Non-Smokers

Battancs, Emese; Gheorghita, Dorottya; Nyiraty, Szabolcs; Lengyel, Csaba; Eördegh, Gabriella; Baráth, Zoltán; Várkonyi, Tamás; Antal, Márk

doi:10.1007/s13300-020-00933-8

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have found that tobacco use affects even healthy individuals’ periodontium [ 40 ], but for a smoker who has diabetes, the damage is multiplied [ 41 ]. In comparison, we found in the present study that the risk of any or severe periodontal disease was not correlated with tobacco use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between diabetes self-care practices and control of periodontal disease among type2 diabetes patients in Bangladesh

Hasan¹,

Rahman²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Introduction The prevalence of periodontal disease is high in diabetes patients worldwide, including Bangladesh. Although associations of periodontal disease outcomes and clinical determinants of diabetes have been investigated, few studies have reported on the relationship between periodontal diseases outcomes with modifiable factors, such as self-care and oral hygiene practices, in patients with diabetes. Moreover, in order to develop targeted strategies, it is also important to estimate their aggregated contribution separately from that of the established sociodemographic and diabetics related clinical determinates. Therefore, this study was performed to elucidate 1) the relationship of diabetes patients’ self-care and oral hygiene practices to periodontal disease and 2) the relative contributions of selected factors to periodontal disease outcome in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods The data were obtained from the baseline survey of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. A total of 379 adult patients with type 2 diabetes from three diabetic centres in Dhaka, Rajshahi and Barishal, received periodontal examinations using the community periodontal index (CPI) probe, glycated haemoglobin examination, other clinical examinations, and structured questionnaires. Multiple logistics regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between selected factors and prevalence of any periodontal disease and its severity. Results More than half of the participants were female (53.8%) and 66.8% of the total participants was 21–50 years old. The prevalence of any (CPI code 2+3+4; 75.7%) and severe form (CPI code 4; 35.1%) of periodontal disease were high in type 2 diabetes patients. In multivariate analysis, the odds of periodontal disease increased with unfavourable glycaemic control indicated by HbA1c ≥ 7%, and decreased by 64%, 85% and 92% with adherence to recommended diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices, respectively. Diabetes self-care practice explained the highest proportion of the variance (13.9%) followed by oral hygiene practices (10.9%) by modelling any periodontal disease versus no disease. Variables of diabetes conditions and oral hygiene practices explained 10.9% and 7.3% of the variance by modelling severe (CPI code 4) or moderate (CPI code 3) forms of periodontal disease versus mild form of periodontal disease. Findings also conferred that while poor diabetes control had an individually adverse association with any form of periodontal diseases and its severity, the risk of diseases was moderated by oral hygiene practices. Conclusions This study suggested that, in addition to diabetes-related clinical determinants, self-care practices, and oral hygiene practices must be taken into consideration for prevention and control of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between diabetes self-care practices and control of periodontal disease among type2 diabetes patients in Bangladesh

Hasan¹,

Rahman²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…In addition to our main analysis described previously, we tested for interactions between type 2 diabetes and BMI, smoking status and family history of diabetes as several studies draw a hypothetical picture of synergy between type 2 diabetes status and those variables in terms of damage to some oral diseases such as periodontitis [ 23 – 25 ]. As sensitivity analysis, we further adjusted model 2 for mentally tiring work (little or not, moderate, and high) assessed at wave 2 questionnaire (1992) and included as a categorical variable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 diabetes and its characteristics are associated with poor oral health: findings from 60,590 senior women from the E3N study

et al. 2021

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Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been identified as a risk factor for poor oral health, however, a limited number of oral health and T2D characteristics have been studied so far. We sought to assess T2D status, age at diagnosis, duration since diagnosis and treatment in relation to a variety of oral diseases. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale) cohort study which enrolled 60,590 women. Participants self-reported oral health status, and T2D cases were identified using diabetes-specific questionnaires and drug reimbursement insurance databases. Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using logistic regression models. Results The mean age (SD) of the women was 70 years (7.2), and 4.7% (n = 2857) had T2D. Compared to women without T2D, women with T2D were more likely to report a poor perceived oral health (OR 1.37 [95% CI 1.18, 1.60]), wearing dental prostheses (1.26 [1.14, 1.39]) and having problems of biting and chewing food (1.19 [1.07, 1.33]). In addition, for women with T2D the age at diagnosis (inversely) and the duration (positively) were associated with the likelihood to report poor oral health. Conclusions For women with T2D, duration and age at diagnosis are associated with wearing prostheses, problems of biting and chewing, periodontitis and gingivitis.

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“…certain complications for example diabetes mellitus multiplies the destructive effect involved in smokers. 10 In another study increased incidence of calculus has been indicated in Community Periodontal Index (CPI) scores in smokers. 11 Among the environmental factors, tobacco smoking is considered one of the true risk factors and is known to be independently related to periodontal destruction.…”

Section: Effect Of Smoking On Peridontal Health: a Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Smoking on Peridontal Health: A Comparative Study

Salim¹,

Kumar²,

Nigar³

et al. 2022

J. Bahria Uni. Med. Dent. Coll.

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Objective: To determine the association between smoking and calculus deposition among patients presenting at a tertiary hospital of Karachi. Study Design and Settings: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at periodontology OPD, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicin,e Karachi for six months from 15- September-2021 to 15-February-2022. Methodology: About 150 male patients of age 11 to 60 years coming for routine check-ups were included. Patients were divided into two groups on basis of their smoking status. Clinical examination was performed for each tooth and presence of calculus was evaluated using Oral Hygiene Index (OHI).The measurement of calculus was done by visual investigation and tactile examination by using periodontal probe and mirror. For each individual, one tooth was selected from each sextant and average OHI score is calculated. Supra-gingival calculus present near marginal gingiva was labeled as mild whereas supra and sub gingival calculus with gum recession along with calculus covering more than half of tooth surface was labeled as severe. Results: Among 75 smokers, 44% had mild and 56% had severe calculus deposition whereas among 75 non-smokers, 86.7% had mild and 13.3% had severe calculus deposition. Odds of smoking among patients with severe deposition is 8.27 times higher than odds of smoking among patients with mild calculus deposition (OR=8.27, 95% CI=3.69-18.53) and significant effect of smoking was observed on calculus deposition (p=0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that smoking has significant effect on calculus deposition. By taking smoking as a discriminant variable it is proved that calculus deposition is higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers

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Periodontal Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Control Study in Smokers and Non-Smokers

Cited by 27 publications

References 69 publications

Relationship between diabetes self-care practices and control of periodontal disease among type2 diabetes patients in Bangladesh

Relationship between diabetes self-care practices and control of periodontal disease among type2 diabetes patients in Bangladesh

Type 2 diabetes and its characteristics are associated with poor oral health: findings from 60,590 senior women from the E3N study

Effect of Smoking on Peridontal Health: A Comparative Study

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