Periodontal Disease in Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Dental Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis is chronic disease leading to tooth loss. Oral hygiene practices combined with regular dental examinations keep oral cavity disease free and maintain periodontal health. The primary objective was to find out the prevalence of periodontal disease of patients measured by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Community Periodontal Index. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in department of Periodontics of a tertiary care dental hospital from April to June 2019 after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling and 183 sample size was calculated. Proforma included demographics, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Community Periodontal Index, body mass index, and smoking status. Data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 and descriptive statistics were presented as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Results: Prevalence of periodontal disease corresponding to loss of attachment 1, 2, 3, and 4 was found to in 104 (56.83%) participants. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index score was 1.67±0.89 with “fair” status in majority 114 (62.30%). Gingivitis (Community Periodontal Index 1, 2) was seen in 136 (74.32%). The mean age was 36.37±14.43 years of which 92 (50.27%) were female but smoking was more in males. Conclusions: This study suggests deteriorating periodontal health related to age, sex, oral hygiene, smoking, and BMI. As updated information on oral and periodontal health in Nepal is limited, this assessment would help the national policy makers on oral health intervention measures to prevent periodontitis and develop future programs to improve oral health.

Periodontal Status of Tuberculosis patients - Inter linked with each other

“…However, a few studies contradict the present finding, which found no significant association between periodontal health and length of illness. It also showed that the patient's TB status did not affect periodontal health 1,3,6,13,21 .…”

“…Predisposing factors such as a history of TB, chronic bronchitis, neoplasms, diabetes, HIV, alcoholism, and drug addiction are equally important to consider in patients suspected of suffering from TB 16 . Numerous research has attempted to link periodontal disease to tuberculosis, but the findings have been contradictory 1,[3][4][5]7,14 . Studies have previously been proposed that link periodontal disease to a range of systemic ailments, including diabetes mellitus 17 , coronary artery disease 18 , stroke, and respiratory illnesses 19 .…”

“…Periodontal disease is a widespread infectious and inflammatory disease of teeth-supported structures 1 . The early stages of periodontal disease, gingivitis, are entirely reversible, but if not treated, they can progress to severe forms, periodontitis, which often leads to tooth loss.…”

“…Population-based surveillance of periodontal diseases is essential for adequate planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention and control programs. A clinical periodontal examination is the gold standard for detecting early signs of periodontal disease 1,2 . Periodontal clinical examination is expensive, time-consuming, and requires specially trained personnel 3,4 .…”

“…The burden of infectious diseases like TB, which accounts for 47% of all disease burden and is expected to climb by 69% by 2025, is disproportionately high in low-income nations. 1 Due to a lack of resources to combat the epidemic, TB has significantly increased mortality over time 10 . Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes the infectious illness tuberculosis (TB).…”