Periodontal disease influences osteoclastogenic bone markers in subjects with and without rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

BackgroundPeriodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are bone pathologies mediated through immuno-inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum markers osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2) receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and RANKL/ osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio and compare them in PD and RA groups.Materials & methodsRA (with PD = 19 and without PD = 19), PD (n = 38) and 14 healthy subjects underwent bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) measurement. PD was defined as PPD measuring ≥5mm registered in ≥3 sites. Marginal bone loss (MBL) for premolars and molars was measured on digital panoramic radiographs. Serum samples were collected from all subjects. OPN, TNFR1, TNFR2 and RANKL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). OPG was measured as part of a multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA).ResultsOPN, TNFR1, TNFR2 and RANKL serum levels were the highest in the RA group with PD, while the RA group without PD were comparable to PD subjects only. The RANKL/OPG ratios were comparable between PD group and both RA groups with (p = 0.051) and without PD (p = 0.37). Serum RANKL levels were associated with MBL (p = 0.008) and PPD ≥ 5mm (p = 0.01).ConclusionPeripheral osteoclastogenesis is a feature of periodontal disease with systemic levels of osteoclastogenic markers comparable to the effects observed in rheumatoid arthritis.

Relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease in Korean adults: Data from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013 to 2015

“…It causes disruption or deformation of the peripheral joints, and impairs the activities of daily life . Rheumatoid arthritis has been reported to affect ≈ 0.5% to 1.0% of the world's population and ≈ 1.1% of Korean population . Early rheumatoid arthritis causes accumulation of inflammatory cell infiltration in synovial membranes and changes in systemic immune function as the disease progresses .…”

A 92 protein inflammation panel performed on sonicate fluid differentiates periprosthetic joint infection from non-infectious causes of arthroplasty failure

“…Recently, the panel has been utilized to characterize the inflammatory response during infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, urinary tract, HIV, and COVID-19 [36][37][38][39][40] . The panel has also been used to investigate musculoskeletal inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis and in a porcine model of S. aureus bone infection [41][42][43] . PJI and NIAF proteomic profiling using this proteomic platform may give direct evidence towards potential PJI versus NIAF diagnostic biomarkers, avenues for novel treatment options, and provide additional illumination of the inflammatory response during PJI.…”

The Roles of RANK/RANKL/OPG in Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth Muscles in Health and Disease

“…However, RANK and OPG gene locus polymorphisms are not associated risk factors ( Yang et al, 2019 ). A recent study has shown that RANKL serum concentrations are highest in RA associated with periodontal disease (PD) and that a denosumab treatment suppresses the progression of RA in a randomized controlled trial ( Panezai et al, 2018 ; Tanaka and Tanaka, 2021 ). Lastly, numerous studies have shown that the RRO pathway is involved in bone metastases ( Ono et al, 2020 ; Okamoto, 2021 ) and that the neutralization of RANKL appears to have a beneficial effect on bone health.…”