Periodontal Disease Status among Adults from South Africa—Prevalence and Effect of Smoking

Chikte, Usuf; Pontes, Carla Cruvinel; Karangwa, Innocent; Kimmie-Dhansay, Faheema; Erasmus, Rajiv T; Kengne, André Pascal; Matsha, Tandi E.

doi:10.3390/ijerph16193662

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These studies have been supported by evidence that has shown that the risk of periodontitis is increased threefold in diabetic individuals as compared with nondiabetic individuals (Mealey and Oates 2006) and that adults with an glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level >9% have a significantly higher prevalence of severe periodontitis than those without diabetes (Preshaw et al 2012). Our previous findings showed a high prevalence of diabetes and periodontitis in a South African population from the Western Cape, Cape Town (Erasmus et al 2012;Chikte et al 2019). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the composition of the oral microbiome across all glucose tolerance statuses and periodontal diseases in South African adults from Cape Town.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease

et al. 2020

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Disturbances in the oral microbiome are associated with periodontal disease initiation and progression and diabetes mellitus (DM), but how this contributes to the cause-and-effect relationship between periodontal disease and DM is poorly understood. We examined the bacterial composition in plaque samples from 128 South Africans with periodontal disease across glycemic statuses using 16S rDNA sequencing of regions 2, 3, 4, 6-7, 8, and 9. Of the 9 phyla identified, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria made up >98%. Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria were significantly more abundant in subjects with diabetes, while Proteobacteria were less abundant. However, in the presence of gingival bleeding and DM, as compared with DM without gingival bleeding, Actinobacteria were markedly reduced while Bacteroidetes were more abundant. In contrast, no differences in Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes abundance were observed between DM with and without pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm. At the genus level, similar changes in relative abundance were observed in the presence of DM and periodontal disease. Our findings remained in conditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, and the 5 most dominant phyla. For example, Actinobacteria significantly increased the odds of diabetes by 10% in subjects with gingival bleeding, while Fusobacteria increased this odd by 14%; yet, among subjects with PD ≥4 mm, Fusobacteria decreased the odds of DM by 47%. Our findings have confirmed the alterations in the composition of the oral microbiota across glycemic statuses as well as different stages of periodontal disease. However, it is not clear whether these differences were the consequence of hyperglycemia or the presence of periodontal diseases. Therefore, we recommend further investigations in a longitudinal study design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease

et al. 2020

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“…Globally, PD affects about 20%–50% of the population [ 13 ]. Developing nations have higher prevalence of PD among adolescents than developed countries with proportions ranging from 35% to 70% [ 14 , 15 ]. Smoking/tobacco use, obesity, poor oral hygiene and nutrition have all been associated with an increased risk of PD [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Oral and Vaginal Microbiota of South African Adolescents with High Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis

et al. 2020

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and periodontal disease (PD) are characterised as bacterial dysbioses. Both are associated with an increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, yet it is unknown whether PD and BV are related. We characterised the oral microbiota of young South African females with a high prevalence of BV and investigated the association between oral communities and vaginal microbiota. DNA was extracted from vaginal lateral wall, saliva and supragingival plaque samples from 94 adolescent females (aged 15–19 years). 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region was performed for analysis of the oral and vaginal microbiota and BV status was determined by Nugent scoring. The core oral microbiota was predominately comprised of Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The salivary microbiota of participants with BV was more diverse than those with lactobacillus-dominated communities (p = 0.030). PD-associated bacterial species, including Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas endodontalis were enriched in the supragingival microbiota of women with non-optimal vaginal communities compared to those with Lactobacillus-dominant communities, while Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Prevotella intermedia were enriched in the saliva of women with non-optimal vaginal microbiota. These data suggest a relationship between oral and vaginal dysbiosis, warranting further investigation into whether they are casually related.

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“…While there is no simple explanation for this finding, it can be speculated that having teeth affected by oral disease leads to discomfort in daily life or that the presence of a denture is seen to be far more pleasing than the presence of dental pain. Previous studies from our group show a high degree of unmet dental treatment needs in the studied population; as such, potential inflammation, loose teeth, pain, and general discomfort have probably influenced the OHRQoL in the studied population [ 30 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Tooth Loss on OHRQoL in an Adult Population in Cape Town, South Africa

Kimmie-Dhansay

Pontes

Chikte

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Tooth loss is an important component of the global burden of oral disease, greatly reducing the quality of life of those affected. Tooth loss can also affect diet and subsequent incidences of lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension and metabolic syndromes. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) score using the oral impacts on daily performance (OIDP) index in relation to tooth loss patterns among adults. (2) Methods: From 2014 to 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on adults living in Bellville South, Cape Town, South Africa. The OHRQoL measure was used to evaluate the impact of tooth loss. (3) Results: A total of 1615 participants were included, and 143 (8.85%) had at least one impact (OIDP > 0). Males were less likely to experience at least one impact compared to the females, OR=0.6, 95% C.I.: 0.385 to 0.942, p = 0.026. Those participants who did not seek dental help due to financial constraints were 6.54 (4.49 to 9.54) times more likely to experience at least one impact, p < 0.001. (4) Conclusions: Tooth loss did not impact the OHRQoL of these subjects. There was no difference in the reported odds for participants experiencing at least one oral impact with the loss of their four anterior teeth, the loss of their posterior occlusal pairs, or the loss of their other teeth.

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Periodontal Disease Status among Adults from South Africa—Prevalence and Effect of Smoking

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease

Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease

Relationship between the Oral and Vaginal Microbiota of South African Adolescents with High Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis

Impacts of Tooth Loss on OHRQoL in an Adult Population in Cape Town, South Africa

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