Periodontal disease status and associated risk factors in patients attending a Dental Teaching Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Abstract

Background:Investigators have identified an association of socio-demographic and medical factors with periodontal risk. This study observed status and association of periodontal disease and associated risk factors/indictors.Materials and Methods:All patients attending a dental teaching hospital were interviewed for socio-demographic and medical information through a structured questionnaire. Participants were examined for periodontal status using the community periodontal index (CPI), by a single examiner during September to November 2012. An association of age, gender, smoking habit, systemic conditions, and oral hygiene measures with periodontal status ([periodontitis CPI score ≥3]/nonperiodontitis [CPI score ≤2]) was analyzed by applying Chi-square test and forward selection stepwise regression analysis.Results:One thousand nine hundred and eighteen patients were examined during the study period. The findings revealed that 63.5% of the subjects had CPI score ≤2 (nonperiodontitis), while 34.5% were found with CPI score ≥3 (periodontitis). Age, gender, occupation, smoking, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, stress, medications, and oral hygiene habits of using tooth powder or tooth brushing were significantly (P ≤ 0.037) associated with periodontal status. Regression analysis showed a significant association of age, occupation, and smoking with periodontitis.Conclusion:This study observed prevalence of periodontitis in one-fourth of study sample. The study confirmed various socio-demographic risk factors/indictors associated with increased risk of periodontitis.

Chronic periodontitis among diabetics and nondiabetics aged 35–65 years, in a rural block in Vellore, Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study

“…A study in Pakistan (2015) among those aged 20–60 years found a similar prevalence of periodontitis of 34.5%, another in Bangladesh (1990) found a prevalence of 42%, while a study among urban residents of Brazil (2004) showed a prevalence of 79% of clinical attachment loss. [ 17 18 19 ] Studies done in developed countries such as the United States and Canada showed a prevalence of 47% and 67.8%, while a study in France among those aged 35–64 years showed a higher prevalence of 82.23%. [ 20 21 22 ]…”

“…Smoking was also found to be associated with chronic periodontitis in this study, similar to the results from previous studies, indicating the need to target this modifiable risk factor for promoting oral health. [ 18 26 ]…”

Evaluation of Osteocalcin Levels in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients and Their Correlation with the Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…8 In Asian countries, its prevalence is reported to be as high as 15 to 20% 9 and in Pakistan, the prevalence of severe periodontitis is calculated up to 34.1%. 10 Human saliva is composed of salivary grand secretions (major/minor), immunoglobulins, peptidases, mucins, hormones, DNA or RNA molecules, and a variety of electrolytes that reflect changes in the physiological and pathological states of the human body. Therefore, saliva is considered as the "mirror" of the body.…”

Bone Turnover Markers in Chronic Periodontitis: A Literature Review

“…The prevalence of chronic periodontitis varies according to different geographic regions and is seen to be the highest in Asian countries (about 15%-20%) [7]. In Pakistan, the prevalence of chronic periodontitis is reported to be 31.4% [8].…”