Periodontal disease susceptible matrilines in the Cayo Santiago Macaca mulatta macaques

Abstract

Objective and Background: The expression of periodontitis, including age of onset, extent, and severity is considered to represent an interaction of the individual's oral microbiome and host response to the microbial challenge that is modified by both genetics and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of periodontitis in a population of nonhuman primates, to document features of familial distribution that could reflect heritability and transmission of microbes with enhanced virulence. Material and Methods:This report presents our findings from evaluation of periodontal disease bone defects in skulls from 569 animals (5-31 years of age) derived from the skeletons of the rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) of Cayo Santiago derived from eight matrilines over 6-9 generations. The distance from the base of alveolar bone to the cemento-enamel junction on 1 st /2 nd premolars and 1 st /2 nd molars from all four quadrants was evaluated as a measure of periodontal disease. Additionally, we documented the presence of periodontitis in 79 living descendants within these matrilines. Results:The results demonstrated an increased extent and severity of periodontitis with aging across all matrilines. Extensive heterogeneity in disease expression was observed among the animals and this was linked to specific periodontitis susceptible matrilines. Moreover, we identified some matrilines in which the members appeared to show some resistance to more severe disease, even with aging. Conclusion:Linking these disease variations to multigenerational matriarchal family units supported familial susceptibility of periodontitis. This familial disease relationship was reinforced by the distribution of naturally-occurring periodontitis in the living descendants. K E Y W O R D S familial risk, nonhuman primates, periodontitis | 135 EBERSOLE Et aL.

Transcriptomic Phases of Periodontitis Lesions Using the Nonhuman Primate Model

“…We have also recently reported a familial relationship of periodontitis susceptibility and resistance in multigenerational matrilines of Macaca mulatta 14 consistent with some heritability/genetic contribution to the disease, as has been described in humans [17][18][19] .…”

“…Thus, we and others have employed a nonhuman primate model of periodontal disease over the last nearly 40 years. It has been shown that the microbiology, immunology, and clinical expression of periodontitis are quite similar in humans and nonhuman primates, including naturally-occurring disease that increases with aging [14][15][16] .…”

Oral microbiome interactions with gingival gene expression patterns for apoptosis, autophagy and hypoxia pathways in progressing periodontitis

“…Finally, epidemiologic data support various demographic modifiers (e.g., age, sex) of periodontitis expression in humans, as well as the identification of substantial individual variation in risk for more extensive and severe disease. While the ligature model does not necessarily reflect this individual feature of human periodontitis, we have shown that the magnitude of ligature‐induced disease in the nonhuman primates is altered by age 56 and sex, 111 as well as recent data demonstrating matriline (e.g., genetic, familial) susceptibility age of onset and extent of disease 112,113 . Thus, the evidence suggests that this model should be able to provide some insights into the earliest phases of disease initiation and progression that would be difficult to obtain in a human disease model.…”

Un enfoque actual sobre la fibrotomía como terapia para evitar recidiva en los tratamientos de ortodoncia. Una revisión

“…Sven Mario Anaya Espinoza más parecidas a las de los humanos se encuentran en los monos Rhesus. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que los futuros estudios se lleven a cabo en monos de esa especie ( [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] ).…”