Periodontal Diseases and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Is There a Link? A Review

Pockpa, Zocko Ange Désiré; Struillou, Xavier; Koné, Daouda; Gs, Mobio; Soueidan, Assem; Badran, Zahi

doi:10.7812/tpp/18.260

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Even though increasing evidences suggest a possible association between periodontitis and ARMD [10,43,44], ARMD has been previously related to alveolar bone loss, and periodontal pathogens have been identified in bioptic specimens from ARMD patients, in the present study, no significant differences were detected in clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters of cases vs. controls, supporting such an association.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study

et al. 2020

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Oral pathogens have been identified in bioptic specimens from Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) patients, and alveolar bone loss has been related to ARMD. Therefore, the possible association between ARMD and periodontal disease was investigated in the present case-control study, evaluating clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters, primarily, in cases vs. controls and, secondarily, in relation to ARMD risk factors, in cases, to highlight a possible pathogenic link between the disorders. Forty ARMD cases and 40 non-ARMD controls, matched for age (±3 years) and gender and homogeneous for ARMD risk factors, therefore comparable, underwent full-mouth periodontal charting, panoramic radiograph, and medical data, including ARMD risk factors, collection. Statistical analysis was conducted using the language R. Comparisons between groups were made using both traditional t-tests and Yuen’s test with bootstrap calibration. Enrolled subjects were ≥55 years old, and 50 females and 30 males were equally distributed among the two groups. No statistically significant difference was found in clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters in cases vs. controls. In the case group, no differences were found when relating the periodontal parameters to ARMD risk factors, except for Clinical Attachment Level values that were statistically significantly higher in hypertensive ARMD subjects. A possible association between periodontal disease and ARMD may be hypothesized in hypertensive ARMD subjects, with hypertension as a possible pathogenic link between the disorders.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, PD is associated with impaired endothelial function [15][16][17], which can also be observed in patients with DME. Recently, PD was also shown to be associated with early age-related macular degeneration, suggesting that subtle systemic changes caused by PD may be relevant only for disease development when other pathogenic influences have not become fully apparent [18]. Treatment of PD can not only reduce the systemic inflammatory burden but also lower the risk for diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of periodontitis and diabetic macular edema in various stages of diabetic retinopathy

et al. 2021

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Objectives Periodontitis and diabetes are known to have a bidirectional relationship. Diabetic macular edema is a complication of diabetes that is strongly influenced by inflammatory pathways. However, it remains to be established whether inflammation at other locations, such as periodontitis, affects diabetic macular edema. Here, we investigated the prevalence of periodontitis in patients treated for diabetic macular edema. Materials and methods Patients with diabetic macular edema were recruited for this cross-sectional study at the Medical University of Graz. Macular edema was documented by optical coherence tomography. Periodontal status was assessed by computerized periodontal probing and panoramic X-ray imaging. Bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth, and plaque index were compared between different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Results Eighty-three eyes of 45 patients with diabetic macular edema were enrolled. Forty-four eyes (53.0%) had early stages of diabetic retinopathy (mild and moderate), and 39 eyes (47.0%) had late stages (severe and proliferative). Patients with mild or moderate DR were more likely to have more severe periodontal conditions than patients with severe or proliferative DR. Fourteen patients with mild DR (82.4%), 7 patients with moderate DR (87.5%), 4 patients with severe DR (100.0%), and 15 patients with proliferative DR (93.8%) had some degree of PD. The periodontal inflamed surface areas and the percentages of tooth sites that bled on probing were significantly higher in patients with early stages of diabetic retinopathy than in those with late stages of the disease (p < 0.05). Patients with periodontal inflamed surface areas of more than 500 mm2 required significantly more intravitreal injections in the last year than those with milder forms of periodontitis (n = 6.9 ± 3.1 versus n = 5.0 ± 3.5, p = 0.03). Conclusion In patients with diabetic macular edema, periodontitis is more prevalent in early stages of diabetic retinopathy. We suggest regular dental check-ups for diabetic patients, especially when diabetic macular edema is already present. Clinical relevance Patients with diabetic macular edema should be screened for periodontitis and vice versa, particularly early in the course of diabetes.

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“…Chronic oral inflammation caused by periodontal pathogens is being investigated for the potential risk and vulnerability in AMD patients with co-existing uncontrolled PD. Pockpa et al emphasized that PD could be a potential risk factor for AMD and may play a role in the initial stages of AMD [ 72 ]. PD patients have presented with increased incidence for both nonexudative-type AMD (5.43 vs. 3.13 per 1000 person-years) and exudative-type AMD (0.52 vs. 0.28 per 1000 person-years) [ 124 ].…”

Section: Eye Diseases Associated With Oral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another in vivo study employing a pioneering AMD + PD murine model demonstrated the role of periodontal infection in the augmentation of AMD phenotype [ 69 ]). Fusobacterium and Rothia species were identified as risk factors in the AMD by Pockpa et al, [ 72 ] and Rullo et al, [ 42 ], respectively. Chiu et al demonstrated that Pg increases the risk for early diabetic retinopathy [ 98 ]), and oral Lactococcus was found to be markedly depleted in glaucoma patients, as shown by Yoon et al [ 74 ]).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Do Oral Pathogens Inhabit the Eye and Play a Role in Ocular Diseases?

Arjunan

Swaminathan

2022

JCM

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Fascinatingly, the immune-privileged healthy eye has a small unique population of microbiota. The human microbiome project led to continuing interest in the ocular microbiome. Typically, ocular microflorae are commensals of low diversity that colonize the external and internal sites of the eye, without instigating any disorders. Ocular commensals modulate immunity and optimally regulate host defense against pathogenic invasion, both on the ocular surface and neuroretina. Yet, any alteration in this symbiotic relationship culminates in the perturbation of ocular homeostasis and shifts the equilibrium toward local or systemic inflammation and, in turn, impaired visual function. A compositional variation in the ocular microbiota is associated with surface disorders such as keratitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. Nevertheless, innovative studies now implicate non-ocular microbial dysbiosis in glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), uveitis, and diabetic retinopathy. Accordingly, prompt identification of the extra-ocular etiology and a methodical understanding of the mechanisms of invasion and host-microbial interaction is of paramount importance for preventative and therapeutic interventions for vision-threatening conditions. This review article aims to explore the current literature evidence to better comprehend the role of oral pathogens in the etiopathogenesis of ocular diseases, specifically AMD.

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Periodontal Diseases and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Is There a Link? A Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study

Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study

Association of periodontitis and diabetic macular edema in various stages of diabetic retinopathy

Do Oral Pathogens Inhabit the Eye and Play a Role in Ocular Diseases?

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