Periodontal infectogenomics: a systematic review update of associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to systematically update the evidence for associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection and counts. Materials and methods Following a previous systematic review (Nibali et al. J Clin Periodontol 43(11): 889-900, 15), an update of a systematic search of the literature was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane Library for studies reporting data on host genetic variants and detection of microbes subgingivally published in the last 6 years. Results A total of 19 studies were included in the review, from an initial search of 2797 titles. Studies consisted mainly of candidate gene studies and of one genome-wide analysis. A total of 62 studies were considered for summary findings, including 43 identified in the previous systematic review of studies published up to 2015. Meta-analyses were done when appropriate including both papers in the original review and in the update. Meta-analyses revealed lack of associations between IL1 composite genotype and subgingival detection of Aggregatibacter acinomycetemcomitans, Poprhyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. Promising evidence is emerging from other genetic variants and from sub-analyses of data from genome-association studies. Among other studies with candidate-gene, target SNPs were mainly within the IL10, IL6, IL4, IL8, IL17A, and VDR gene. Conclusions IL1 composite genotype does not seem to be associated with subgingival microbial detection. Promising associations should be pursued by future studies, including studies employing -OMICS technologies. Clinical relevance A better knowledge of which host genetic variant predispose to subgingival microbial colonization and to the development of progression of periodontal disease could potentially help to better understand periodontal disease pathogenesis and help with its management.

Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Periodontal Bacteria: A Clinical Pilot Study

“…A meta-analysis applied to these studies showed no association between SNPs within the IL10, IL6, IL4, IL8, IL17A, and VDR genes and periodontal pathogenic bacteria. However, the authors state that to date there is still a paucity of well-conducted case-control studies in periodontal infectogenomics [ 8 , 10 ]. In particular, Borges M.A.T.…”

“…The oral microbiome consists of about 700 species of bacteria, characterized by a complex network of metabolic and physical interactions [ 5 , 6 ]. When the oral biofilm complex is disrupted and the bacterial load increases, microbial dysbiosis arises, the irritative response of host tissues increases and epithelial cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators that contribute to the development of periodontal disease [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Several bacterial species associated with the development of periodontitis were initially defined by Socransky et al that identified Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia , and Treponema denticola as species associated with severe periodontal disease, thus coining the cluster known as “the red complex” [ 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Conversely, numerous studies have highlighted the importance of oral health considering periodontal disease as an aggravating factor in the course of systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders as well as Alzheimer’s disease, oral cancer, and inflammatory bowel diseases [ 2 , 16 , 17 , 20 ]. Regarding the genetic factors, the massive developments in molecular biology in the last decades have allowed to identify gene variants that in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors influence both the composition of the biofilm in the oral cavity and the host inflammatory immune response [ 8 , 21 ]. Research on genetic factors has focused primarily on genes modulating the immune system, such as genes encoding for the cytokines IL1A, IL1B, IL10, and IL6, considered key factors in the inflammatory process during periodontal disease [ 8 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…Regarding the genetic factors, the massive developments in molecular biology in the last decades have allowed to identify gene variants that in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors influence both the composition of the biofilm in the oral cavity and the host inflammatory immune response [ 8 , 21 ]. Research on genetic factors has focused primarily on genes modulating the immune system, such as genes encoding for the cytokines IL1A, IL1B, IL10, and IL6, considered key factors in the inflammatory process during periodontal disease [ 8 , 22 , 23 ]. Numerous studies have also been performed on vitamin D receptor (VDR) encoding gene polymorphisms BsmI, TaqI, FokI, and ApaI, opening to new considerations [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Systematic and scoping reviews to assess biological parameters

“…These are indicators that the information provided was relevant and helpful to the field. Subsequently, other SRs addressing biological questions identified as relevant to the periodontal and implant areas were published by our (Duarte et al, 2015(Duarte et al, , 2016Pérez-Chaparro et al, 2016;Retamal-Valdes et al, 2019;Montenegro et al, 2020) and other research groups (Yan et al, 2014;Zeng et al, 2015;Troiano et al, 2018;Arias-Bujanda et al, 2019Chen et al, 2019;Nibali, Koidou, et al, 2019;Koidou et al, 2020;Dereka et al, 2022;Zoheir et al, 2022). A few scoping reviews assessing the oral microbiota and host immunoinflammatory markers have also been recently published (Belmok et al, 2020;Gare et al, 2021;Jolivet-Gougeon & Bonnaure-Mallet, 2021;Baima et al, 2022Baima et al, , 2021.…”