Periodontal pathogen carriage, rather than periodontitis, determines the serum antibody levels

Pussinen, Pirkko J.; Könönen, Eija; Paju, Susanna; Hyvärinen, Kati; Gürsoy, Ulvi Kahraman; Huumonen, Sisko; Knuuttila, Matti; Suominen, Anna Liisa

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01703.x

Cited by 56 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the present study we have examined the associations between periodontitis, CVD, and concentration of IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans in a cohort of 576 subjects (Table 1), which is a large cohort in comparison to the existing literature on this topic [9,19–23]. As determinant of periodontitis, we used a mean loss of attachment of at least 2.55 mm [27,37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both bacteria are considered residents of the periodontal biofilms associated with periodontitis [7–9]. On the basis of structurally and antigenically distinct O-antigens, six serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans (a–f) have been described, with serotype b, particularly the highly leukotoxic JP2 clone, being the dominant serotype isolated from patients with early onset aggressive periodontitis [7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Pussinen et al [9], the main determinant of the systemic antibody response to A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis is the oral carriage of these bacteria, whereas the presence or extent of periodontitis has only a modest modifying effect on the levels of antibodies against the two bacteria. Blood levels of antibodies to periodontal bacteria associated with periodontitis are stable over time [24,25], and do not change significantly following treatment [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

Damgaard

Reinholdt

Enevold

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Objectives: The aim was to elucidate whether levels of circulating antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis correlate to loss of attachment, as a marker for periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design: Sera were collected from 576 participants of the Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES). Immunoglobulin G antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and protein antigens from the a, b and c serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were quantified by titration in ELISA plates coated with a mixture of antigens prepared by disintegration of bacteria. Results: Levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis (OR = 1.48) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.31) associated with periodontitis, as determined by univariable logistic regression analysis. These antibody levels also associated with CVD (1.17 and 1.37), respectively, However, after adjusting for other risk factors, including age, smoking, gender, alcohol consumption, overweight, and level of education using multivariable logistic regression analysis, only increasing body mass index (BMI; 1.09), previous smoking (1.99), and increasing age (decades) (2.27) remained associated with CVD. Increased levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis (1.34) remained associated with periodontitis after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusions: CVD and periodontitis were associated with levels of IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans in univariable analyses, but only the association of P. gingivalis antibody levels with periodontitis reached statistical significance after adjustment for common confounders. Age, in particular, influenced this relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

Damgaard

Reinholdt

Enevold

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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show abstract

“…It was previously shown that patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis have higher serum anti-bacterial IgG antibodies compared to periodontally healthy individuals with no clinical signs of early-onset periodontitis [15], [16]. However, serum antibody responses to periodontal pathogens neither confer immunity against periodontal disease [17], nor are they considered as an auxiliary measure for the diagnosis of this disease [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Oral Microbiota and Systemic Antibody Responses

et al. 2014

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder of women that not only is the leading cause of infertility but also shows a reciprocal link with oral health. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the levels of putative periodontal pathogens in saliva and their antibody response in serum are elevated in PCOS, compared to systemic health. A total of 125 women were included in four groups; 45 women with PCOS and healthy periodontium, 35 women with PCOS and gingivitis, 25 systemically and periodontally healthy women, 20 systemically healthy women with gingivitis. Salivary levels of seven putative periodontal pathogens were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and serum antibody levels were analyzed by ELISA. In women with PCOS, salivary Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis and Tannerella forsythia levels were higher than matched systemically healthy women, particularly in the case of gingivitis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola levels were similar among study groups. The presence of PCOS also enhanced P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and S. oralis serum antibody levels, when gingivitis was also present. Gingival inflammation correlated positively with levels of the studied taxa in saliva, particularly in PCOS. The presence of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in saliva also exhibited a strong positive correlation with the corresponding serum antibody levels. In conclusion, as an underlying systemic endocrine condition, PCOS may quantitatively affect the composition of oral microbiota and the raised systemic response to selective members of this microbial community, exerting a confounding role in resultant gingival inflammation and periodontal health. The most consistent effect appeared to be exerted on P. gingivalis.

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“…Numerous attempts have been made to correlate the levels of salivary IgA or serum IgG and IgM antibodies reactive with S. mutans or its antigens with caries prevalence (caries lesions) in cross-sectional studies but have failed probably because such correlations may not exist [Aukhil et al, 1988;Pussinen et al, 2011]. Similarly, in periodontitis no clear correlation has been shown between the antibody response and periodontitis [Aukhil et al, 1988;Pussinen et al, 2011]. Chronic infections and commensals give rise to antibodies with low avidity [Cole and Lydyard, 2006] with little protective function.…”

Section: Immune Regulation Of the Commensal Oral Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries and Periodontitis: Contesting the Conventional Wisdom on Their Aetiology

Manji¹,

Dahlén

Fejerskov

2018

Caries Res

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We review the literature on the oral microbiome and the role of the microbiota in the development of dental caries and periodontitis. While most research has been focused on identifying one or more specific determinants of these diseases, the results have provided limited predictive value and have not been able to explain the variation in the distribution of these diseases observed in epidemiological or clinical studies. Drawing on existing knowledge about the nature of the oral microbiota, we suggest that a stochastic model based on the Weiner process provides simple and parsimonious explanations for the pathogenesis of both caries and periodontitis, making few assumptions, and providing explanations for phenomena that have hitherto proved difficult, or have required complex arguments, to explain. These diseases occur as the result of the dental hard tissues and periodontal tissues integrating the random “noise” caused by normal metabolic activities of commensal microorganisms in the dental biofilm. The processes that result in the progression and regression of caries and periodontitis may be considered as “natural,” rather than pathological, even if, when left unchecked over long periods of time, they can result in the development of pathologies. The likelihood of progression or regression can be influenced by other determinants, but these processes will nevertheless occur in the absence of such influences. The distributional characteristics of the model approximate the findings of epidemiological studies indicating that, for both caries and periodontitis, there will be few sites affected in the early period after the eruption of the permanent dentition, but in those older there is an almost linear relationship with increasing age; furthermore, the longer a site survives without being affected, the less likely that it will be affected. We discuss the clinical and public health importance of these findings.

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Periodontal pathogen carriage, rather than periodontitis, determines the serum antibody levels

Abstract: The carriage of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis is the strongest determinant of the systemic antibody response to these pathogens, and the extent of periodontitis has at most a modest modifying effect.

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

Association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Oral Microbiota and Systemic Antibody Responses

Caries and Periodontitis: Contesting the Conventional Wisdom on Their Aetiology

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