Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) Index: precursors, utility and limitations in a clinical setting

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a widespread condition ranging from simple gingival inflammation to severe periodontal breakdown. Early detection and diagnosis are key elements in the prevention of this oral pathology. Diagnostic aids available to dentists, such as the Periodontal Screening and Recording or PSR Index, accelerate the screening of periodontal conditions. While many studies provide support for the PSR Index as a valuable tool because it is reproducible, reliable, and quick, others have suggested that it may under or overestimate existing periodontal conditions. Some authors have suggested modifications to the recording method to improve its use either for screening purposes or for monitoring the outcome of periodontal therapy. This literature review briefly describes the PSR method, and compares studies based on both PSR and its counterpart, CPITN, in order to evaluate its usefulness and establish its limitations in a clinical setting.

Periodontal Status and Quality of Life: Impact of Fear of Pain and Dental Fear

“…Modified Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) [50] indices were produced through oral health assessments conducted by a licensed and calibrated dentist or dental hygienist. To record probing depths, the mouth was divided into sextants.…”

“…Probing depths were categorized as shallow (i.e., <3.5 mm), moderate (i.e., 3.5 mm–5.5 mm), or deep (i.e., >5.5 mm). If all teeth in a sextant were missing, they were treated in two ways as in Shaffer et al [49] and Landry and Jean [50]. In one model, these areas were treated as “missing related to periodontal disease” (i.e., treated as having a probing depth of > 5.5 mm) and another model as “missing due to other, nonperiodontal disease factors” (i.e., treated as having a probing depth of < 3.5 mm).…”

Non-interventional study to collect data for the application of lidocaine gel 2% during scaling and root planing and professional mechanical plaque removal

“…The periodontal screening and recording (PSR) code [16] was determined for the patients using the code given in Table 1. A total of 175 (49.02%) patients suffered from severe periodontitis in at least one sextant and 140 (39.22%) from moderate periodontitis (Fig.…”

Improvement of Oral Environment Indices of Oral Preventive Care Program, and Change in Oral Health-related Behaviors based on Dental Hygiene Process

“…For PSR [11], which is a variation of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) used in the WHO' s epidemiological survey, periodontal status was examined on six areas such as the mesial buccal side, central buccal side, distal buccal side, distal lingual side, central lingual side and mesial lingual side of the designated teeth (#17, #16, #11, #26, #27, #31, #36, #37, #46, #47), identically to the community periodontal index. For all examination results, a smaller measurement value indicates better dental health.…”

“…Dental plaque examination (O' Leary Index) [9], Simplified oral hygiene index (S-OHI) [9], Bleeding on probing (BOP) [10] and Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) [11] were conducted for oral hygiene care indices. After all teeth in the mouth were stained using disclosing solutions, O ' Leary Index was calculated at one point for the case in which dental plaque was attached to four tooth surfaces (mesial, distal, buccal and lingual surface) and zero point for the case in which dental plaque was not attached.…”