Periodontal status and associated risk factors among childbearing age women in Cixi City of China

Abstract

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the periodontal status and associated risk factors among women of childbearing age to increase the awareness of oral health. Methods: The study was conducted on childbearing age women in Cixi, a city in Zhejiang Province in the southeast of China. A total of 754 women participated in periodontal examination while receiving prenatal care. Data of the women were collected from the Cixi Family Planning Commission and during an interview. Clinical periodontal indices, such as bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured during the examination. Statistical analysis on subject-based data was performed. Results: The prevalence of periodontal disease among childbearing age women in Cixi was high (84.7%). A significant association was found between the disease and educational level, pregnancy, taking oral contraceptives, stress, alcohol consumption, overweight, dental visit, and teeth brushing (P<0.05). Women who suffered periodontal disease showed deep PD, obvious BOP, and clinical attachment loss. Among this population, pregnancy was closely associated with higher BOP percentage; teeth brushing no more than once per day or brushing for less than 1 min (P<0.001) after adjusting for age and stress. Conclusions: The periodontal status of childbearing age women in Cixi needs to be improved urgently. Attention towards the periodontal health should be warranted, especially for those in special statuses and with poor awareness.

Prevalence of Clinical Periodontitis and Putative Periodontal Pathogens among South Indian Pregnant Women

“…Also, we noticed a positive association of level of education of pregnant women and their periodontal health status ( P = 0.029) which is similar to the findings reported previously [12]. The rate of periodontitis, in our study, is slightly lower than that reported elsewhere probably due to study population comprising women of lower age group from middle and upper middle income category and nonsmokers [10, 12]. Many researchers reported higher detection rates of P. gingivalis , T. forsythia , P. intermedius , and T. denticola among patients with periodontitis [4, 13].…”

Alcohol consumption and risk of periodontitis: a meta‐analysis

“…, Wu et al. ) were found to contribute to between‐study heterogeneity. The heterogeneity decreased to 33.4% ( P for heterogeneity = 0.101) and the pooled RR was 1.39 (95% CI 1.24–1.55) after excluding these three studies.…”

Prevalence and risk factors of periodontal disease among pre-conception Chinese women

“…Two surveys indicated the rates of periodontal disease nearly 50% and 78% among pregnant women of Shanghai and Shenzhen, Guangdong China respectively [6, 26]. Another survey conducted among childbearing age women in Zhejiang Province, China showed the prevalence nearly 85% [27]. All these studies indicated the high prevalence of periodontal disease among Chinese women of childbearing age.…”

“…Periodontal disease has been reported to be more common in deprived or disadvantaged populations [9, 27]. Additional risk factors for periodontal disease include older age, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black ethnicity, being overweight and obese, poor oral hygiene, more stressful psychological status, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, taking oral contraceptives, increased parity, gestational age, public dental insurance (versus private), and lacking a recent dental visit (within six months) [7, 9, 30, 31].…”