Periodontal treatment outcomes in smokers:
A narrative review

Kanmaz, Mehmet Gümüş; Kanmaz, Burcu; Buduneli, Nurcan

doi:10.18332/tid/142106

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Research studies indicate that nicotine in tobacco smoking tends to negatively impact the clinical responses to DS, and the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal treatment are compromised among CS with periodontitis compared to NS with periodontitis. 12,13 For this purpose, various treatment modalities have been investigated to surmount the poor clinical response including the use of antimicrobials, chemical disinfectants, and lasers. 14,15 Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated in the last four decades as a novel treatment that comprises the interaction of photosensitizer dye that is activated by laser light of adjustable wavelength in the presence of oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine‐mediated photodynamic therapy in the treatment of stage‐II chronic periodontitis among smokers

Al‐Kheraif

Alshahrani

Alshehri

et al. 2022

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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Purpose: To assess the clinical periodontal, bacterial, and immunological outcomes of chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to dental scaling (DS) versus DS alone among cigarette smokers (CS) and neversmokers (NS).Methods: A total of 26 patients (13 CS and 13 NS) with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of stage-II chronic periodontitis were recruited. Each patient from both groups were subjected with two parallel therapies (split-mouth): PDT + DS (test side) and DS alone (control side). Periodontal parameters were investigated by evaluating plaque scores (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL). Subgingival plaque was collected to detect and quantify Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Gingival crevicular fluid was sampled for the quantification of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. All assessments were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.Results: Bleeding on probing was significantly reduced at 6 months after PDT + DS in CS groups (p < .05). Mean PD and CAL significantly reduced after both PDT + DS and DS subgroups and among NS and CS groups (p < .05). At 6 months follow-up, the copy number of both P. gingivalis and T. forsythia remained significantly high in CS group (p < .01). Only PDT + DS subgroup in CS significantly reduced the counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia at 3 months and 6 months (p < .05). Only at 6 months did PDT + DS showed statistically significantly reduced IL-1β levels in the NS group (p < .01). TNFα levels significantly reduced in CS group with PDT + DS and DS alone at both 3 months and 6 months follow-up (p < .01). Conclusion:Chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine-mediated PDT helped to improve the non-surgical periodontal therapy outcomes among stage-II chronic periodontitis patients among smokers and never-smokers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine‐mediated photodynamic therapy in the treatment of stage‐II chronic periodontitis among smokers

Al‐Kheraif

Alshahrani

Alshehri

et al. 2022

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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“…23,26 Studies showed that smokers respond less than non-smokers to non-surgical periodontal therapies in terms of healing and clinical parameters. 27,28 Chlorhexidine mouthwash effectively improves plaque and gingival index among cancer patients as an oral hygiene regimen before and during cancer treatment. 29 Using anti-angiogenic agents such as Lenvatinib causes side effects such as dry mouth and fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of supportive periodontal management in patient with metastatic cancer

Neo

Mohamad

Rath

et al. 2022

Dent. J. (Majalah Kedokt. Gigi)

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Background: Treatment of head and neck cancers may cause sequelae affecting patients’ quality of life during and after treatment. As a result, periodontal management of a patient with parotid gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, particularly in advanced stage 4, can be challenging for dental practitioners, especially if the patient is on active oral molecular therapy and undergoing long-term radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Purpose: This report was intended to describe the conservative non-surgical management of tooth 27 with poor prognosis owing to grade II mobility in a patient on active Lenvatinib therapy – where the extraction was not advisable to lessen the risk of osteonecrosis. Case: A 52-year-old female patient was referred by an oncologist to our dental clinic for noncarious toothache. Five years ago, the patient was diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and had a treatment history of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical removal of the left parotid gland to manage the malignancy. Oral examination revealed characteristic findings of periodontitis. Case Management: Ultrasonic scaling, antimicrobial mouth rinses and reinforcement in oral hygiene instructions manage the tooth 27 conservatively. Conclusion: A cautious approach by the dental surgeon, together with the multidisciplinary team caring for cancer patients, is fundamental and helps with the palliative periodontal management of this patient to enhance oral health-related quality of life. With a lack of reports on conservative periodontal therapy in ACC patients, this report highlights the combination of smoking cessation, reinforcement of oral hygiene instructions and conservative periodontal treatment.

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“…Smoking negatively affects periodontal health, which has been proved by epidemiological, clinical and in vitro studies (28)(29)(30)(31). Compared with nonsmokers, smokers have presented increased susceptibility, greater severity, and faster progression of periodontitis (32,33). Besides, smokers lose more teeth and are less likely to be successful in periodontal treatment than nonsmokers (33).…”

Section: Pathobiology Of Periodontal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with nonsmokers, smokers have presented increased susceptibility, greater severity, and faster progression of periodontitis ( 32 , 33 ). Besides, smokers lose more teeth and are less likely to be successful in periodontal treatment than nonsmokers ( 33 ). It is reported that smoking reduces gingival bleeding by reducing the number of gingival blood vessels or altering the caliber of the blood vessels perfusing the gingival tissues ( 34 ).…”

Section: Pathobiology Of Periodontal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mTOR Signaling in the Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Periodontal Diseases

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Periodontal disease results from the inflammatory infiltration by the microbial community which is marked through tooth mobility and alveolar bone resorption. The inflammation in periodontal disease is mediated by CD4+ T cells through cytokine secretion and osteoclastogenetic activity. Historically, the inflammatory model in periodontal disease is described through disruption of the balance between two subsets of T helper cells which are T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2). However, more and more studies have found that apart from subsets of helper T cells, regulatory T-cells and Th17 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Growing evidence proves that helper T cells differentiation, activation, and subset determination are under the strong impact of mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling could promote Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and inhibit Treg commitment through different mTOR complexes, therefore we anticipate a regulation effect of mTOR signaling on periodontal diseases by regulating CD4+ T cell subsets. This review aims to integrate the topical researches about the role of different types of Th cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, as well as the regulation of mTOR signaling in the specification and selection of Th cell commitment.

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Periodontal treatment outcomes in smokers: A narrative review

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine‐mediated photodynamic therapy in the treatment of stage‐II chronic periodontitis among smokers

Chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine‐mediated photodynamic therapy in the treatment of stage‐II chronic periodontitis among smokers

Role of supportive periodontal management in patient with metastatic cancer

mTOR Signaling in the Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Periodontal Diseases

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